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Changes in Canadian Adolescent Well-Being since the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Prior Child Maltreatment

Author

Listed:
  • Jacinthe Dion

    (Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 bl. Université, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada)

  • Catherine Hamel

    (Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 bl. Université, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada)

  • Camille Clermont

    (Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 bl. Université, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada)

  • Marie-Ève Blackburn

    (Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 bl. Université, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
    ÉCOBES-Recherche et Transfert, Cégep de Jonquière, Pavillon Manicouagan, 3791 de la Fabrique St., Jonquière, QC G7X 7W2, Canada)

  • Martine Hébert

    (Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada)

  • Linda Paquette

    (Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 bl. Université, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada)

  • Daniel Lalande

    (Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 bl. Université, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada)

  • Sophie Bergeron

    (Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada)

Abstract

Adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to the negative impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, given their increased socialization needs during this developmental period. This prospective study examined the potential changes in adolescents’ well-being from before to during the pandemic, and the moderating role of a history of child maltreatment (CM), COVID-19-related distress, and gender among 1,802 adolescents (55.5% participants identified as boy, 42.2% as girl, and 1.5% as nonbinary; M age 14.74 years). Another aim was to determine whether COVID-19-related distress mediated the relationship between CM and well-being. Results revealed that COVID-19-related distress was associated with lower well-being (i.e., higher levels of internalized and externalized behaviors, and lower levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction). Boys experienced a greater decrease in life satisfaction and self-esteem than girls. A history of CM had a moderation effect, with the pandemic having a lesser impact on the outcomes of adolescents with such a history. However, it was also associated with more COVID-19-related distress, which in turn was associated with lower levels of internalized and externalized behaviors, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. These unexpected results with regard to CM might indicate that the social restrictions during the pandemic could have had a relieving effect on adolescents with particular challenges associated with CM.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacinthe Dion & Catherine Hamel & Camille Clermont & Marie-Ève Blackburn & Martine Hébert & Linda Paquette & Daniel Lalande & Sophie Bergeron, 2022. "Changes in Canadian Adolescent Well-Being since the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Prior Child Maltreatment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:16:p:10172-:d:890084
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cuiyan Wang & Riyu Pan & Xiaoyang Wan & Yilin Tan & Linkang Xu & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2020. "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-25, March.
    2. María Pilar Jiménez & Jennifer A. Rieker & José Manuel Reales & Soledad Ballesteros, 2021. "COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress as a Function of Age and Gender in a Spanish Sample," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Elizabeth Pollard & Patrice Lee, 2003. "Child Well-being: A Systematic Review of the Literature," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 59-78, January.
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