IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i13p7640-d845152.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Current Stereotypes Associated with Nursing and Nursing Professionals: An Integrative Review

Author

Listed:
  • Cristina Teresa-Morales

    (Nursing Department Teaching and Research, University of Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain)

  • Margarita Rodríguez-Pérez

    (Nursing Department Teaching and Research, University of Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain)

  • Miriam Araujo-Hernández

    (Nursing Department Teaching and Research, University of Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain)

  • Carmen Feria-Ramírez

    (Nursing Department Teaching and Research, University of Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain)

Abstract

Nursing and nursing professionals are associated with social stereotypes, which may hinder the profession’s development and future prospects as a scientific discipline. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the stereotypes associated with the nursing profession—students and professionals. Therefore, we carried out an integrative review. The search was conducted using PubMed, WOS, and CINAHL databases, and its search strategy was based on a combination of standardised keywords and natural vocabulary, with a temporal limit between 2016 and 2021. The data extraction and analysis was based on the conceptual framework developed by Whittemore and Knafl. Twenty-seven studies were included in the review, and their results were classified and coded. Two categories emerged, namely, stereotypes relating to the professionals’ gender and stereotypes relating to the profession itself. We concluded that the nursing profession is viewed as female with low skills, social status, salary, academic level and entry requirements, and with little autonomy. Male nurses’ professional competencies and masculinity are questioned, while the work carried out by female nurses is viewed as unprofessional. To reduce these stereotypes and bias we must present the nursing profession as a scientific discipline, developed by both men and women. Specific channels for this awareness-raising work include interventions from universities and the media, and participation in health policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristina Teresa-Morales & Margarita Rodríguez-Pérez & Miriam Araujo-Hernández & Carmen Feria-Ramírez, 2022. "Current Stereotypes Associated with Nursing and Nursing Professionals: An Integrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-24, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:13:p:7640-:d:845152
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/13/7640/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/13/7640/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sunhee Cho & Sun Joo Jang, 2021. "Do Gender Role Stereotypes and Patriarchal Culture Affect Nursing Students’ Major Satisfaction?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-9, March.
    2. Marci D. Cottingham & Austin H. Johnson & Tiffany Taylor, 2016. "Heteronormative Labour: Conflicting Accountability Structures among Men in Nursing," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(6), pages 535-550, November.
    3. Huichao Du & Yun Xiao & Liqiu Zhao, 2021. "Education and gender role attitudes," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 34(2), pages 475-513, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Katarzyna Wałowska & Jan Domaradzki, 2023. "Superheroes or Super Spreaders? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Attitudes towards Nurses: A Qualitative Study from Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-16, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tess Penne; & Heleen Delanghe; & Tim Goedemé, 2021. "An exploration of key factors that determine the affordability of compulsory education in Europe," Working Papers 2108, Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy, University of Antwerp.
    2. Lai, Weizheng, 2024. "The effect of education on voter turnout in China's rural elections," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 230-247.
    3. Anli Jiang & Zhengxu Wang & Tony Huiquan Zhang, 2022. "Radicalizing and Conservatizing: Ageing Effects on Political Trust in Asia, 2001–2016," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(2), pages 665-681, July.
    4. Liu, Xueyue & Zuo, Sharon Xuejing, 2023. "From equality to polarization: Changes in urban China’s gender earnings gap from 1988 to 2016," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 303-337.
    5. Hakan Yücetas & Sarah Carol, 2024. "The influence of education on gender attitudes among ethno-religious majority and minority youth in Germany from a longitudinal perspective," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.
    6. Deole, Sumit S. & Zeydanli, Tugba, 2021. "Does education predict gender role attitudes?: Evidence from European datasets," GLO Discussion Paper Series 793 [rev.], Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    7. Loredana Cerbara & Giulia Ciancimino & Antonio Tintori, 2022. "Are We Still a Sexist Society? Primary Socialisation and Adherence to Gender Roles in Childhood," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-15, March.
    8. Ahammer, Alexander & Glogowsky, Ulrich & Halla, Martin & Hener, Timo, 2023. "The Parenthood Penalty in Mental Health: Evidence from Austria and Denmark," IZA Discussion Papers 16459, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Mahar, Neeraj & Dobriyal, Pariva & Badola, Ruchi & Hussain, Syed Ainul, 2024. "Tourism on the roof of the world: Socio-ecological impacts of tourism on the Indian Trans-Himalaya," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    10. Zhang, Shiying & Wang, Qing & Xiao, Yao & Zhang, Yilin, 2023. "Internet exposure during adolescence and age at first marriage," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    11. Messina, Julián & Sanz-de-Galdeano, Anna & Terskaya, Anastasia, 2024. "Birds of a Feather Earn Together. Gender and Peer Effects at the Workplace," IZA Discussion Papers 16721, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    12. Rebecca Montacute & Erica Holt-White & Jake Anders & Carl Cullinane & Alice De Gennaro & Erin Early & Xin Shao & James Yarde, 2022. "Education recovery and catch up," CEPEO Briefing Note Series 20, UCL Centre for Education Policy and Equalising Opportunities, revised Oct 2022.
    13. Elsner, Nina, 2023. "Suffizienzförderung in der Marketingkommunikation," Working Papers for Marketing & Management 69, Offenburg University, Department of Media and Information.
    14. Lee, Sangsoo & Lim, Youngshin, 2022. "The gendered playing field: Family socioeconomic status and national gender inequality in adolescents’ out-of-school physical activity," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    15. Wei Si, 2022. "Higher education expansion and gender norms: evidence from China," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 35(4), pages 1821-1858, October.
    16. Su Ol Kim & Sun-Hee Moon, 2021. "Factors Influencing Turnover Intention among Male Nurses in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-11, September.
    17. Adriani, Fabrizio & Pompeo, Monika & Sonderegger, Silvia, 2022. "Gender effects in the battle of the sexes: A tale of two countries," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 165-178.
    18. Zhongwu Li & Fengzhi Lu, 2024. "The power of Internet: from the perspective of women’s bargaining power," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
    19. Raghul Gandhi Venkatesan & Bagavandas Mappillairaju, 2024. "Early student dropout detection in Indian secondary education with special reference to selected districts in Tamil Nadu: a machine learning-based survival analysis approach," Journal of Computational Social Science, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 2309-2331, December.
    20. Yinhe Liang & Xiaobo Peng & Meiping Aggie Sun, 2024. "Long-Term Impacts of Growth and Development Monitoring: Evidence from Routine Health Examinations in Early Childhood," CESifo Working Paper Series 10912, CESifo.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:13:p:7640-:d:845152. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.