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Cytogenetic Effects in Children Exposed to Air Pollutants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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  • Mattia Acito

    (Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy)

  • Cristina Fatigoni

    (Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy)

  • Milena Villarini

    (Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy)

  • Massimo Moretti

    (Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy)

Abstract

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between exposure to ambient air pollutants and micronuclei (MN) frequency in children. This work was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and the PRISMA guidelines and recommendations. Articles published before November 2021 were identified by an advanced search on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases. A critical appraisal using a specific tool was conducted to assess the quality of each included study. All analyses were carried out by using the Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, London, UK). One hundred and forty-five references were firstly identified, and, at the end of selection process, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Six studies carried out a direct evaluation through the use of air samplers, whereas the other ones accessed environmental databases (n = 2) or used other tools (n = 3). In two cases, exposure was not directly investigated, with children sampled in two different areas with well-known different levels of pollution. The overall effect size (ES) was 1.57 ((95% CI = 1.39; 1.78), p -value < 0.00001) (total evaluated subjects: 4162), which highlighted a statistically significant association between outdoor air pollution and MN frequency in children. As a high MN frequency has been associated with a number of pathological states and a higher risk of developing chronic degenerative diseases, our results should be taken into consideration by policy makers to design and implement interventions aimed at reducing the introduction of pollutants in the atmosphere as well as at minimizing the exposure extent, particularly in children.

Suggested Citation

  • Mattia Acito & Cristina Fatigoni & Milena Villarini & Massimo Moretti, 2022. "Cytogenetic Effects in Children Exposed to Air Pollutants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:11:p:6736-:d:828988
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alessandra Panico & Tiziana Grassi & Francesco Bagordo & Adele Idolo & Francesca Serio & Maria Rosaria Tumolo & Mattia De Giorgi & Marcello Guido & Maria Tutino & Antonella De Donno, 2020. "Micronucleus Frequency in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Children Living in an Industrialized Area of Apulia (Italy)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Alan Da Silveira Fleck & Mariana Vieira & Sergio Luís Amantéa & Claudia Ramos Rhoden, 2014. "A Comparison of the Human Buccal Cell Assay and the Pollen Abortion Assay in Assessing Genotoxicity in an Urban-Rural Gradient," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-14, August.
    3. Pier Mannuccio Mannucci & Massimo Franchini, 2017. "Health Effects of Ambient Air Pollution in Developing Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-8, September.
    4. Jonathan Fairburn & Steffen Andreas Schüle & Stefanie Dreger & Lisa Karla Hilz & Gabriele Bolte, 2019. "Social Inequalities in Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: A Systematic Review in the WHO European Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-19, August.
    5. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    6. Carla Russo & Mattia Acito & Cristina Fatigoni & Milena Villarini & Massimo Moretti, 2020. "B-Comet Assay (Comet Assay on Buccal Cells) for the Evaluation of Primary DNA Damage in Human Biomonitoring Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-14, December.
    7. J. Lelieveld & J. S. Evans & M. Fnais & D. Giannadaki & A. Pozzer, 2015. "The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale," Nature, Nature, vol. 525(7569), pages 367-371, September.
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    1. Binbin Ye & Padmaja Krishnan & Shiguo Jia, 2022. "Public Concern about Air Pollution and Related Health Outcomes on Social Media in China: An Analysis of Data from Sina Weibo (Chinese Twitter) and Air Monitoring Stations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-21, December.

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