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Disparities and Factors Associated with Coronavirus Disease-2019-Related Public Stigma: A Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand

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  • Chidchanok Ruengorn

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ratanaporn Awiphan

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Chabaphai Phosuya

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Yongyuth Ruanta

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Kednapa Thavorn

    (Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
    ICES Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
    School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada)

  • Nahathai Wongpakaran

    (Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Tinakon Wongpakaran

    (Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Surapon Nochaiwong

    (Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related public stigma is a major challenge, with scarce available evidence. This study aimed to determine the disparities and factors associated with COVID-19-related public stigma in the Thai population. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving a voluntary online survey in Thailand from 21 April 2020 to 4 May 2020. We invited 4004 participants to complete a series of questionnaires, including the validated COVID-19 public stigma scale and questions on relevant COVID-19-related psychosocial issues. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to investigate the factors associated with COVID-19-related public stigma. The prevalence of COVID-19-related public stigma was 24.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.2–26.2) for no/minimal, 35.5% (95% CI, 33.4–37.6) for moderate, and 40.3% (95% CI, 38.2–42.4) for high. We observed disparities in the prevalence of COVID-19-related public stigma according to participant characteristics and psychosocial factors. Using the no/minimal group as a reference group, the six predominant risk factors significantly associated with a moderate and high degree of COVID-19-related public stigma were middle-aged or older adults, male, divorced/widowed/separated, current quarantine status, moderate/severe fear of COVID-19, and medium/high perceived risk of COVID-19. Additional risk factors significantly related to a high degree of COVID-19-related public stigma were religion (Buddhist), region of residence (non-capital city), and exposure to COVID-19-related information. Disparities in COVID-19-related public stigma due to sociodemographic and psychosocial issues are frequent in the Thai population. To reduce public stigmatization, early identification of vulnerable groups and the development of tailored mitigation strategies should be implemented during the pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Chidchanok Ruengorn & Ratanaporn Awiphan & Chabaphai Phosuya & Yongyuth Ruanta & Kednapa Thavorn & Nahathai Wongpakaran & Tinakon Wongpakaran & Surapon Nochaiwong, 2022. "Disparities and Factors Associated with Coronavirus Disease-2019-Related Public Stigma: A Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:11:p:6436-:d:824020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tian-Ming Zhang & Qi Fang & Hao Yao & Mao-Sheng Ran, 2021. "Public Stigma of COVID-19 and Its Correlates in the General Population of China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, November.
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    3. Rebecca Meaney & Penelope Hasking & Andrea Reupert, 2016. "Prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder in University Samples: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-15, May.
    4. Antonio Baldassarre & Gabriele Giorgi & Federico Alessio & Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli & Giulio Arcangeli & Nicola Mucci, 2020. "Stigma and Discrimination (SAD) at the Time of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-29, August.
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    1. Chidchanok Ruengorn & Ratanaporn Awiphan & Chabaphai Phosuya & Yongyuth Ruanta & Nahathai Wongpakaran & Tinakon Wongpakaran & Kednapa Thavorn & Surapon Nochaiwong, 2022. "Psychological Resilience and Adverse Mental Health Issues in the Thai Population during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-14, October.

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