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Stiff Landings, Core Stability, and Dynamic Knee Valgus: A Systematic Review on Documented Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in Male and Female Athletes

Author

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  • Joseph Larwa

    (Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA)

  • Conrad Stoy

    (Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA)

  • Ross S. Chafetz

    (Shriners Hospital for Children—Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA)

  • Michael Boniello

    (Shriners Hospital for Children—Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA)

  • Corinna Franklin

    (Shriners Hospital for Children—Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA)

Abstract

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are the most common ligament injury of the knee, accounting for between 100,000 and 200,000 injuries among athletes per year. ACL injuries occur via contact and non-contact mechanisms, with the former being more common in males and the later being more common in females. These injuries typically require surgical repair and have relatively high re-rupture rates, resulting in a significant psychological burden for these individuals and long rehabilitation times. Numerous studies have attempted to determine risk factors for ACL rupture, including hormonal, biomechanical, and sport- and gender-specific factors. However, the incidence of ACL injuries continues to rise. Therefore, we performed a systematic review analyzing both ACL injury video analysis studies and studies on athletes who were pre-screened with eventual ACL injury. We investigated biomechanical mechanisms contributing to ACL injury and considered male and female differences. Factors such as hip angle and strength, knee movement, trunk stability, and ankle motion were considered to give a comprehensive, joint by joint analysis of injury risk and possible roles of prevention. Our review demonstrated that poor core stability, landing with heel strike, weak hip abduction strength, and increased knee valgus may contribute to increased ACL injury risk in young athletes.

Suggested Citation

  • Joseph Larwa & Conrad Stoy & Ross S. Chafetz & Michael Boniello & Corinna Franklin, 2021. "Stiff Landings, Core Stability, and Dynamic Knee Valgus: A Systematic Review on Documented Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in Male and Female Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3826-:d:530933
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alessandro Liberati & Douglas G Altman & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Cynthia Mulrow & Peter C Gøtzsche & John P A Ioannidis & Mike Clarke & P J Devereaux & Jos Kleijnen & David Moher, 2009. "The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-28, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Szu-Ying Wu & Yi-Hsun Tsai & Yu-Ting Wang & Wen-Dien Chang & Chia-Lun Lee & Chun-En Aurea Kuo & Nai-Jen Chang, 2022. "Acute Effects of Tissue Flossing Coupled with Functional Movements on Knee Range of Motion, Static Balance, in Single-Leg Hop Distance, and Landing Stabilization Performance in Female College Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Nakagawa, Kazumasa & Takamatsu, Reika & Matsushima, Miku, 2022. "Sex Differences in Muscle Activity During Drop-Jump Landing Motion," OSF Preprints 6fevb, Center for Open Science.
    3. Zhe Hu & Youngsuk Kim & Yanan Zhang & Yuxi Zhang & Jiaying Li & Xuan Tang & Jeehoon Sohn & Sukwon Kim, 2022. "Correlation of Lower Limb Muscle Activity with Knee Joint Kinematics and Kinetics during Badminton Landing Tasks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-13, December.

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