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Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting among Somali Women in the U.S. State of Arizona: Evidence of Treatment Access, Health Service Use and Care Experiences

Author

Listed:
  • Georgia Michlig

    (International Health Department, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Nicole Warren

    (Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Merry Berhe

    (University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA)

  • Crista Johnson-Agbakwu

    (University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
    Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
    Refugee Women’s Health Clinic, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Valleywise Health, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA)

Abstract

Background. Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is associated with adverse sexual, reproductive and psychological sequelae. The aim of this study was to quantitatively explore factors related to satisfaction with FGM/C-related care in the US focusing on access to care, health service utilization, and women’s experiences. Methods. A community-based survey of 879 Ethnic Somali and Somali Bantu women using snowball sampling was conducted in Arizona. Bivariate, multivariable and ordered logistics analyses assessed the relationship between the aforementioned factors measured along six dimensions: non-discrimination, physical, economic, informational, health system accessibility and individual-level health service use factors. Findings. Most participants possessed FGM/C (77.4%), namely Type III (40.2%). FGM/C related health service use was low (14.3%). Perceived discrimination was associated with reduced satisfaction in care (OR = 0.22; CI 0.13–0.37). For FGM/C-specific variables, only recollection of adverse physical or psychological events at the time of circumcision predicted service use (OR = 3.09; CI 1.67–5.68). Somali Bantu (OR = 0.10; CI 0.02–0.44) and highly acculturated women (OR = 0.39; CI 0.17–0.86) had lower odds of service use. Conclusions. Achieving respectful care and outreach to women affected by FGM/C has contextual complexity. However, the clinical implications and insights provided may have broader impacts on advancing health equity for FGM/C-affected women.

Suggested Citation

  • Georgia Michlig & Nicole Warren & Merry Berhe & Crista Johnson-Agbakwu, 2021. "Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting among Somali Women in the U.S. State of Arizona: Evidence of Treatment Access, Health Service Use and Care Experiences," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3733-:d:529434
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Philip Q. Yang & Shann Hwa Hwang, 2016. "Explaining Immigrant Health Service Utilization," SAGE Open, , vol. 6(2), pages 21582440166, May.
    2. Meghan A Bohren & Joshua P Vogel & Erin C Hunter & Olha Lutsiv & Suprita K Makh & João Paulo Souza & Carolina Aguiar & Fernando Saraiva Coneglian & Alex Luíz Araújo Diniz & Özge Tunçalp & Dena Javadi , 2015. "The Mistreatment of Women during Childbirth in Health Facilities Globally: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(6), pages 1-32, June.
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    1. Cherra M. Mathis & Jordan J. Steiner & Andrea Kappas Mazzio & Meredith Bagwell-Gray & Karin Wachter & Crista Johnson-Agbakwu & Jill Messing & Jeanne Nizigiyimana, 2024. "Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Needs of Refugee Women Exposed to Gender-Based Violence: The Case for Trauma-Informed Care in Resettlement Contexts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(8), pages 1-21, August.

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