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Burnout and Engagement Dimensions in the Reception System of Illegal Immigration in the Mediterranean Sea. A Qualitative Study on a Sample of Italian Practitioners

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  • Marcello Nonnis

    (Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy)

  • Mirian Agus

    (Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy)

  • Monica Piera Pirrone

    (Psicologi per i Popoli Sardegna, 09128 Cagliari, Italy)

  • Stefania Cuccu

    (Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy)

  • Maria Luisa Pedditzi

    (Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy)

  • Claudio Giovanni Cortese

    (Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy)

Abstract

The present study describes the semantic nature of burnout and engagement in the operators involved in the management of illegal immigration. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on a sample of Italian practitioners ( n = 62) of the two levels of the reception system considered: (1) rescue and first aid and (2) reception and integration. Within the framework of the job demands–resources model (JD-R), the interviews deepened the analysis of the positive and negative dimensions of burnout and engagement: exhaustion versus energy, relational deterioration versus relational involvement, professional inefficacy versus professional efficacy and disillusion versus trust. The interviews were analysed using the T-Lab software, through a cluster analysis (bisecting K-means algorithm), which emphasised noteworthy themes. The results show that, in the vast majority of the dimensions considered (for both levels of reception), the same dimensions of engagement of the operators (energy, relational involvement, professional efficacy and trust) are able to lead them into a condition of burnout, with experiences, conversely, of exhaustion, relational deterioration, professional inefficacy and disillusion. These findings expand the knowledge on burnout and engagement in practitioners of illegal immigration, a context characterised by the value of help and welcome.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcello Nonnis & Mirian Agus & Monica Piera Pirrone & Stefania Cuccu & Maria Luisa Pedditzi & Claudio Giovanni Cortese, 2021. "Burnout and Engagement Dimensions in the Reception System of Illegal Immigration in the Mediterranean Sea. A Qualitative Study on a Sample of Italian Practitioners," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3726-:d:529336
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marcello Nonnis & Monica Piera Pirrone & Stefania Cuccu & Mirian Agus & Maria Luisa Pedditzi & Claudio Giovanni Cortese, 2020. "Burnout Syndrome in Reception Systems for Illegal Immigrants in the Mediterranean. A Quantitative and Qualitative Study of Italian Practitioners," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-23, June.
    2. Marta Makara-Studzińska & Krystyna Golonka & Bernadetta Izydorczyk, 2019. "Self-Efficacy as a Moderator between Stress and Professional Burnout in Firefighters," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-16, January.
    3. U. Kelle, 1997. "Theory Building in Qualitative Research and Computer Programs for the Management of Textual Data," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 2(2), pages 10-22, June.
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    1. Marcello Nonnis & Mirian Agus & Gianmarco Frau & Antonio Urban & Claudio Giovanni Cortese, 2023. "Job Seekers’ Burnout and Engagement: A Qualitative Study of Long-Term Unemployment in Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(11), pages 1-14, May.

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