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Palestinian Refugee Youth in Jordan: Parental Practices, Neighborhood Cohesion and Assistance, and Adolescent Wellbeing

Author

Listed:
  • Ikhlas Ahmad

    (Human Development Program, Counseling and Educational Psychology Department, University of Jordan, P.O. Box 13343, Amman 11942, Jordan)

  • Judith Smetana

    (Department of Psychology, Meliora Hall, RC 270266, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA)

Abstract

In this study, a total of 335 Palestinian refugees ( M = 15.5 years, SD = 1.05, 49% males), recruited from four United Nations Relief and Work Agency (UNRWA) schools at the Al-Baqa’a and Jabal Al-Hussein refugee camps in Jordan, rated their neighborhood physical environment and neighborhood support and cohesion, separately rated their mothers’ and fathers’ parenting on several dimensions, and reported on their adjustment to these circumstances (internalizing symptoms, self-concept clarity, and norm breaking). Living in more dangerous physical environments was associated with higher levels of refugee youths’ internalizing symptoms and norm breaking, but effects were not significant when parenting was considered. Our study showed that higher levels of psychological control–disrespect (significantly for fathers and marginally for mothers) and marginally, higher levels of maternal harsh punishment were associated with more teen internalizing symptoms. In addition, fathers’ greater psychological control and lower levels of support had a marginally significant effect on teens’ greater norm breaking. For behavioral control, only mothers’ greater behavioral control was associated with refugee youths’ greater self-concept clarity but not with paternal behavioral control. Thus, fathers’ psychological control and mothers’ behavioral control had the biggest association with adolescent outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Ikhlas Ahmad & Judith Smetana, 2021. "Palestinian Refugee Youth in Jordan: Parental Practices, Neighborhood Cohesion and Assistance, and Adolescent Wellbeing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3649-:d:527727
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Davidov, Maayan & Khoury-Kassabri, Mona, 2013. "Recollections of harsh discipline in childhood and depressive feelings in adulthood: The roles of culture and gender," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 1007-1014.
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