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Controlled Irrigation and Drainage Reduce Rainfall Runoff and Nitrogen Loss in Paddy Fields

Author

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  • Yanmei Yu

    (College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Junzeng Xu

    (College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Pingcang Zhang

    (College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
    Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China)

  • Yan Meng

    (College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Yujiang Xiong

    (Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China)

Abstract

In southern China, the growing period of rice is synchronized with the rainy period, and the loss of nutrients (such as nitrogen) due to unreasonable irrigation and drainage, along with rainfall and runoff, has become the main source of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. The laws of runoff and nitrogen loss in paddy fields under different irrigation and drainage modes are not clear. In this study, field experiments were adopted to observe the runoff and nitrogen loss under typical rainfall and throughout the whole growth period. The results showed that, compared with the traditional irrigation and drainage mode, the controlled irrigation and drainage mode reduced the drainage of two typical rainfall processes by 47.5% and 31.3% and the peak drainage by 38.9% and 14.4%. Compared with those under the traditional irrigation and drainage mode, the average concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen under the controlled irrigation and drainage mode were reduced by 22.2%, 22.7%, and 27.8%, respectively, during the whole rainfall process on July 21 and were decreased by 27.1%, 11.4%, and 25.6%, respectively, on August 25. In irrigated rice areas, under the controlled irrigation and drainage mode, drainage was reduced after two intercepts through paddy fields and drainage ditches. The nitrogen concentration in the drainage ditch decreased due to the increase in retention time and the effect of the ditch and field wetland. Compared with the traditional irrigation and drainage mode, the total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen loads of the controlled irrigation and drainage mode were reduced by 69.8%, 65.3%, and 69.7%, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Yanmei Yu & Junzeng Xu & Pingcang Zhang & Yan Meng & Yujiang Xiong, 2021. "Controlled Irrigation and Drainage Reduce Rainfall Runoff and Nitrogen Loss in Paddy Fields," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3348-:d:523286
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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Yanzhi & Chen, Ji & Sun, Yidi & Jiao, Yanting & Yang, Yi & Yuan, Xiaoqi & Lærke, Poul Erik & Wu, Qi & Chi, Daocai, 2023. "Zeolite reduces N leaching and runoff loss while increasing rice yields under alternate wetting and drying irrigation regime," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    2. Lujian Shi & Songmin Li, 2024. "Simulation Study on Water Quality of Paddy Field Ditches Considering the Effects of Rainfall and Sediment Release," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-20, January.
    3. Jaenam Lee, 2022. "Evaluation of Automatic Irrigation System for Rice Cultivation and Sustainable Agriculture Water Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-12, September.
    4. Jiao Lyu & Xinyi Wang & Shengnan Hou & Anwar Zeb & Hui Zhu & Yingying Xu, 2023. "Content Variation and Potential Runoff Loss Risk of Nutrients in Surface Water of Saline-Alkali Paddy in Response to the Application of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Types," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, April.

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