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Intention to Take COVID-19 Vaccine as a Precondition for International Travel: Application of Extended Norm-Activation Model

Author

Listed:
  • Aleksandar Radic

    (Independent Researcher, Gornji kono 8, 20 000 Dubrovnik, Croatia)

  • Bonhak Koo

    (School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Spears School of Business, Oklahoma State University 365 Human Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA)

  • Eloy Gil-Cordero

    (Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Juan Pedro Cabrera-Sánchez

    (Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Heesup Han

    (College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to human health, the global economy, and the social fabrics of contemporary societies as many aspects of modern everyday life, including travel and leisure, have been shattered to pieces. Hence, a COVID-19 mandatory vaccination as a precondition for international travel is being debated in many countries. Thus, the present research aimed to study the intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine as a precondition for international travel using an extended Norm-Activation Model. The study model integrates a new construct, namely mass media coverage on COVID-19 vaccination as additional predictor of intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine. The survey data were collected from 1221 international travelers. Structural equation modelling shows a very good fit of the final model to the data; the conceptual model based on extended Norm-Activation Model was strongly supported. Awareness of consequences related to the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals’ health has shown a positive effect on individuals’ ascribed responsibility to adopt emotionally driven (anticipated pride and anticipated guilt) pro-social behaviors that activate a personal norm towards altruistic and pro-mandatory vaccination-friendly behavior. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Aleksandar Radic & Bonhak Koo & Eloy Gil-Cordero & Juan Pedro Cabrera-Sánchez & Heesup Han, 2021. "Intention to Take COVID-19 Vaccine as a Precondition for International Travel: Application of Extended Norm-Activation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:6:p:3104-:d:519294
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kiatkawsin, Kiattipoom & Han, Heesup, 2017. "Young travelers' intention to behave pro-environmentally: Merging the value-belief-norm theory and the expectancy theory," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 76-88.
    2. Han, Heesup, 2015. "Travelers' pro-environmental behavior in a green lodging context: Converging value-belief-norm theory and the theory of planned behavior," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 164-177.
    3. Kiattipoom Kiatkawsin & Ian Sutherland & Seul Ki Lee, 2020. "Determinants of Smart Tourist Environmentally Responsible Behavior Using an Extended Norm-Activation Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, June.
    4. Jeff French & Sameer Deshpande & William Evans & Rafael Obregon, 2020. "Key Guidelines in Developing a Pre-Emptive COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Promotion Strategy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-14, August.
    5. Aleksandar Radic & Michael Lück & Amr Al-Ansi & Bee-Lia Chua & Sabrina Seeler & António Raposo & Jinkyung Jenny Kim & Heesup Han, 2021. "To Dine, or Not to Dine on a Cruise Ship in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Tripartite Approach towards an Understanding of Behavioral Intentions among Female Passengers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Eeman Almokdad & Kiattipoom Kiatkawsin & Chung Hun Lee, 2023. "Antecedents of Booster Vaccine Intention for Domestic and International Travel," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Okafor, Luke & Yan, Eric, 2022. "Covid-19 vaccines, rules, deaths, and tourism recovery," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    3. Songhong Chen & Jian Ming Luo, 2023. "Understand Delegates Risk Attitudes and Behaviour: The Moderating Effect of Trust in COVID-19 Vaccination," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-18, February.
    4. Yang Zou & Xianwei Liu & Miaomiao Yu & Yichu Deng, 2023. "Linking Cultural Tightness, Components of Norm Activation and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors among University Students: Evidence from Beijing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-14, March.

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