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Implementing Anti-Racism Interventions in Healthcare Settings: A Scoping Review

Author

Listed:
  • Nadha Hassen

    (Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada)

  • Aisha Lofters

    (Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada
    Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada)

  • Sinit Michael

    (Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada)

  • Amita Mall

    (Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada)

  • Andrew D. Pinto

    (Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
    Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
    Upstream Lab, MAP/Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
    Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada)

  • Julia Rackal

    (Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
    Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada)

Abstract

Racism towards Black, Indigenous and people of colour continues to exist in the healthcare system. This leads to profound harm for people who use and work within these settings. This is a scoping review to identify anti-racism interventions in outpatient healthcare settings. Searching the peer-reviewed and grey literature, articles were screened for inclusion by at least two independent reviewers. Synthesizing the socio-ecological levels of interventions with inductively identifying themes, a conceptual model for implementing anti-racism interventions in healthcare settings is presented. In total, 37 peer-reviewed articles were included in the review, with 12 empirical studies and 25 theoretical or conceptual papers. Six grey literature documents were also included. Healthcare institutions need to incorporate an explicit, shared language of anti-racism. Anti-racism action should incorporate leadership buy-in and commitment with dedicated resources, support and funding; a multi-level approach beginning with policy and organizational interventions; transparent accountability mechanisms for sustainable change; long-term meaningful partnerships with Black, Indigenous, and people of colour (i.e., racialized communities); and ongoing, mandatory, tailored staff education and training. Decision-makers and staff in healthcare settings have a responsibility to take anti-racism action and may improve the success and sustainability of their efforts by incorporating the foundational principles and strategies identified in this paper.

Suggested Citation

  • Nadha Hassen & Aisha Lofters & Sinit Michael & Amita Mall & Andrew D. Pinto & Julia Rackal, 2021. "Implementing Anti-Racism Interventions in Healthcare Settings: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:6:p:2993-:d:516934
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gamble, V.N., 1997. "Under the Shadow of Tuskegee: African Americans and Health Care," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 87(11), pages 1773-1778.
    2. Jones, C.P., 2000. "Levels of racism: A theoretic framework and a gardener's tale," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 90(8), pages 1212-1215.
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    1. Hans Oh & Jinyu Du & Lee Smith & Ai Koyanagi, 2023. "Mental health differences between multiracial and monoracial college students in the United States: Emerging racial disparities," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 69(3), pages 744-751, May.
    2. Mohammad M. H. Raihan & Nashit Chowdhury & Tanvir C. Turin, 2023. "Low Job Market Integration of Skilled Immigrants in Canada: The Implication for Social Integration and Mental Well-Being," Societies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-13, March.
    3. Akinade, Temitope & Kheyfets, Anna & Piverger, Naissa & Layne, Tracy M. & Howell, Elizabeth A. & Janevic, Teresa, 2023. "The influence of racial-ethnic discrimination on women's health care outcomes: A mixed methods systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    4. D'Costa, Ieta & Truong, Mandy & Russell, Lynette & Adams, Karen, 2023. "Employee perceptions of race and racism in an Australian hospital," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).

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