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The Development and Initial Validation of a Short, Self-Report Measure on Social Inclusion for People with Intellectual Disabilities—A Transnational Study

Author

Listed:
  • Piritta Asunta

    (LIKES Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland)

  • Pauli Rintala

    (Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylän, Finland)

  • Florian Pochstein

    (Faculty of Special Needs Education, University of Education Ludwigsburg, 71634 Ludwigsburg, Germany)

  • Nelli Lyyra

    (Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylän, Finland)

  • Roy McConkey

    (Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK)

Abstract

Sport has been promoted as a means of increasing the social inclusion of persons with intellectual disabilities. Suitable tools for evaluating this claim are not readily available. The aim of this study was to develop a self-report tool for use by people with intellectual disabilities regarding the social inclusion they experience in sport and in the community. A three-phase process was used. In the first phase an item bank of questionnaire items was created and field-tested with 111 participants. Initial factor analysis identified 42 items which were further evaluated in Phase 2 with 941 participants from six European countries. Construct validity was established first through Exploratory and then Confirmatory factor analysis. These analyses identified ten items relating to inclusion in sports and ten to inclusion in local communities. A third phase checked the usability and test-retest reliability of the short form with a further 228 participants. In all, 1280 athletes and non-disabled partners were involved from eight countries. This short social inclusion questionnaire has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure for use transnationally. Further psychometric properties remain to be tested; notably its sensitivity to change resulting from interventions aimed at promoting social inclusion.

Suggested Citation

  • Piritta Asunta & Pauli Rintala & Florian Pochstein & Nelli Lyyra & Roy McConkey, 2021. "The Development and Initial Validation of a Short, Self-Report Measure on Social Inclusion for People with Intellectual Disabilities—A Transnational Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:5:p:2540-:d:510217
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ivar Krumpal, 2013. "Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: a literature review," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 47(4), pages 2025-2047, June.
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    1. John Cooper Coats & Matthew Coxon & Viviene A. Temple & Cara Butler & Lynneth Stuart-Hill, 2023. "Examining the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among Adults with Intellectual Disability: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(13), pages 1-12, July.

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