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Development and Assessment of the Personal Emotional Capital Questionnaire for Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Morteza Khazaei

    (Ministry of Education, Abadan 6317984844, Iran)

  • Mark D. Holder

    (Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada)

  • Fuschia M. Sirois

    (Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK)

  • Lindsay G. Oades

    (Centre for Positive Psychology, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia)

  • Benedicte Gendron

    (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Didactique, Éducation et Formation, Paul Valéry University, 34000 Montpellier, France)

Abstract

(1) Background: The present study developed and evaluated a personal emotional capital questionnaire (PECQ) for adults that assessed 10 domains of personal emotional capital. (2) Method: Initially, 100 items were created and then administered to students attending Semnan University and Semnan University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Of the 700 questionnaires distributed, 527 were completed in full. Students were sampledusing the multi-stage random cluster method. Exploratory factor analyses, Cronbach’s alpha, and test–retest reliability were used to evaluate the scale. (3) Results: The ten components ofthe PECQ were confirmed. Test–retest correlations after 30 days were high, as was Cronbach’s alpha (0.94). Thecomponents highly correlatedwith overall emotional capital. The PECQ displayed convergent validity as it positively correlated with the Keyes’s Mental Health Continuum—Short Form and students’GPAs. The PECQ displayed divergent validity as it negatively correlated with measures of depression, anxiety and stress (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21)). Differences in overall PECQ scores and its components were examined for several variables including gender, age, marital and employment status, academic program, and field of study. PECQ scores were not sensitive to the order of administering questionnaires. (4) Conclusion: The results suggest that the PECQ is a valid and reliable measure of personal emotional capital and supports its use in adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Morteza Khazaei & Mark D. Holder & Fuschia M. Sirois & Lindsay G. Oades & Benedicte Gendron, 2021. "Development and Assessment of the Personal Emotional Capital Questionnaire for Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1856-:d:499303
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elke Driller & Oliver Ommen & Christoph Kowalski & Nicole Ernstmann & Holger Pfaff, 2011. "The relationship between social capital in hospitals and emotional exhaustion in clinicians: A study in four German hospitals," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 57(6), pages 604-609, November.
    2. John Hulland, 1999. "Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(2), pages 195-204, February.
    3. Bénédicte Gendron, 2004. "Why emotional capital matters in education and in labour? toward an Optimal exploitation of human capital and knowledge management," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques r04113, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).
    4. Chung-Chu Liu & Jason C.H. Chen, 2012. "Developing and Prioritizing Measures of Emotional Capital in Public Service Organizations," International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector (IJISSS), IGI Global, vol. 4(3), pages 52-60, July.
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