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Factors Affecting Changes in the Mental Health of North Korean Refugee Youths: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study

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  • Yoanna Seong

    (Department of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul 04933, Korea)

  • Subin Park

    (Department of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul 04933, Korea)

Abstract

This study identified factors affecting changes in depression of 64 North Korean refugee youths (NKRYs) aged 13 to 23 years (40 female) using follow-up data over a three-year period. We collected intrapersonal factors (emotional regulation strategies, resilience, quality of life) and external factors (psychological and practical support, family adaptation, and cohesion) to understand the preventative and risk factors affecting changes in depression. The trend of depression symptoms significantly increased, and the proportion of people classified as depressed (cut-off score = 21) increased steadily from 45.3% to 59.4% in the third year. In addition, we conducted a panel regression analysis, which showed that individual internal factors had a statistically significant effect on changes in depression. Specifically, expressive suppression of emotions was shown to increase depression over time. Resilience and life satisfaction were significant factors reducing depression in this study. On the other hand, external factors were not significantly related to changes over time in depression of NKRYs. Interventions for NKRYs at risk of depression are necessary and should include ways to enhance resilience and life satisfaction, and foster ego strength by recognizing emotions and promoting healthy emotional expression.

Suggested Citation

  • Yoanna Seong & Subin Park, 2021. "Factors Affecting Changes in the Mental Health of North Korean Refugee Youths: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-10, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1696-:d:497059
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Subin Park & Yeeun Lee & Jin Yong Jun, 2018. "Trauma and Depression among North Korean Refugees: The Mediating Effect of Negative Cognition," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-10, March.
    2. Hausman, Jerry, 2015. "Specification tests in econometrics," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 38(2), pages 112-134.
    3. Beiser, Morton & Turner, R.Jay & Ganesan, Soma, 1989. "Catastrophic stress and factors affecting its consequences among Southeast Asian refugees," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 183-195, January.
    4. Subin Park & Soo Yeon Kim & Eun-Sun Lee & Jin Yong Jun, 2019. "Factors Related to Change in Depression among North Korean Refugee Youths in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-8, November.
    5. Subin Park & Minji Lee & Jin Yong Jeon, 2017. "Factors Affecting Depressive Symptoms among North Korean Adolescent Refugees Residing in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-11, August.
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