IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i4p1692-d496971.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Pulmonary Hypertension in Acute and Chronic High Altitude Maladaptation Disorders

Author

Listed:
  • Akylbek Sydykov

    (Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
    National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan)

  • Argen Mamazhakypov

    (Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany)

  • Abdirashit Maripov

    (National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
    Kyrgyz-Indian Mountain Biomedical Research Center, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan)

  • Djuro Kosanovic

    (Department of Pulmonology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119992 Moscow, Russia)

  • Norbert Weissmann

    (Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany)

  • Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani

    (Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany)

  • Akpay Sh. Sarybaev

    (National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
    Kyrgyz-Indian Mountain Biomedical Research Center, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ralph Theo Schermuly

    (Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Alveolar hypoxia is the most prominent feature of high altitude environment with well-known consequences for the cardio-pulmonary system, including development of pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension due to an exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction contributes to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), a life-threatening disorder, occurring at high altitudes in non-acclimatized healthy individuals. Despite a strong physiologic rationale for using vasodilators for prevention and treatment of HAPE, no systematic studies of their efficacy have been conducted to date. Calcium-channel blockers are currently recommended for drug prophylaxis in high-risk individuals with a clear history of recurrent HAPE based on the extensive clinical experience with nifedipine in HAPE prevention in susceptible individuals. Chronic exposure to hypoxia induces pulmonary vascular remodeling and development of pulmonary hypertension, which places an increased pressure load on the right ventricle leading to right heart failure. Further, pulmonary hypertension along with excessive erythrocytosis may complicate chronic mountain sickness, another high altitude maladaptation disorder. Importantly, other causes than hypoxia may potentially underlie and/or contribute to pulmonary hypertension at high altitude, such as chronic heart and lung diseases, thrombotic or embolic diseases. Extensive clinical experience with drugs in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension suggests their potential for treatment of high altitude pulmonary hypertension. Small studies have demonstrated their efficacy in reducing pulmonary artery pressure in high altitude residents. However, no drugs have been approved to date for the therapy of chronic high altitude pulmonary hypertension. This work provides a literature review on the role of pulmonary hypertension in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic high altitude maladaptation disorders and summarizes current knowledge regarding potential treatment options.

Suggested Citation

  • Akylbek Sydykov & Argen Mamazhakypov & Abdirashit Maripov & Djuro Kosanovic & Norbert Weissmann & Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani & Akpay Sh. Sarybaev & Ralph Theo Schermuly, 2021. "Pulmonary Hypertension in Acute and Chronic High Altitude Maladaptation Disorders," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-33, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1692-:d:496971
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/1692/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/1692/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cynthia M Beall & Daniel Laskowski & Kingman P. Strohl & Rudy Soria & Mercedes Villena & Enrique Vargas & Ana Maria Alarcon & Cristina Gonzales & Serpil C. Erzurum, 2001. "Pulmonary nitric oxide in mountain dwellers," Nature, Nature, vol. 414(6862), pages 411-412, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Manju Padmasekar & Rajkumar Savai & Werner Seeger & Soni Savai Pullamsetti, 2021. "Exposomes to Exosomes: Exosomes as Tools to Study Epigenetic Adaptive Mechanisms in High-Altitude Humans," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-20, August.
    2. Rossela Alejandra Rojas-Chambilla & Kely Melina Vilca-Coaquira & Jeancarlo Tejada-Flores & Henry Oscar Tintaya-Ramos & Mariela Mercedes Quispe-Trujillo & Ángel Gabriel Calisaya-Huacasi & Solanyela Ann, 2024. "Performance in the Six-Minute Walking Test Does Not Discriminate Excessive Erythrocytosis Patients in a Severe Hypoxic Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(9), pages 1-11, August.
    3. Akylbek Sydykov & Abdirashit Maripov & Nadira Kushubakova & Kubatbek Muratali Uulu & Samatbek Satybaldyev & Cholpon Kulchoroeva & Djuro Kosanovic & Akpay Sarybaev, 2021. "An Exaggerated Rise in Pulmonary Artery Pressure in a High-Altitude Dweller during the Cold Season," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-7, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang Wang & Lian Wei & Dengbang Wei & Xiao Li & Lina Xu & Linna Wei, 2015. "Testis-Specific Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH-C 4 ) in Skeletal Muscle Enhances Apika’s Sprint-Running Capacity in Hypoxic Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-19, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1692-:d:496971. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.