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New Perspective on Why Women Live Longer Than Men: An Exploration of Power, Gender, Social Determinants, and Capitals

Author

Listed:
  • Fran Baum

    (Southgate Institute for Health, Society & Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia)

  • Connie Musolino

    (Southgate Institute for Health, Society & Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia)

  • Hailay Abrha Gesesew

    (College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5048, Australia
    Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle 231, Ethiopia)

  • Jennie Popay

    (Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK)

Abstract

Background: Women live longer than men, even though many of the recognised social determinants of health are worse for women than men. No existing explanations account fully for these differences in life expectancy, although they do highlight the complexity and interaction of biological, social and health service factors. Methods: this paper is an exploratory explanation of gendered life expectancy difference (GLED) using a novel combination of epidemiological and sociological methods. We present the global picture of GLED. We then utilise a secondary data comparative case analysis offering explanations for GLED in Australia and Ethiopia. We combine a social determinant of health lens with Bourdieu’s concepts of capitals (economic, cultural, symbolic and social). Results: we confirmed continuing GLED in all countries ranging from less than a year to over 11 years. The Australian and Ethiopian cases demonstrated the complex factors underpinning this difference, highlighting similarities and differences in socioeconomic and cultural factors and how they are gendered within and between the countries. Bourdieu’s capitals enabled us to partially explain GLED and to develop a conceptual model of causal pathways. Conclusion: we demonstrate the value of combing a SDH and Bourdieu’s capital lens to investigate GLED. We proposed a theoretical framework to guide future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Fran Baum & Connie Musolino & Hailay Abrha Gesesew & Jennie Popay, 2021. "New Perspective on Why Women Live Longer Than Men: An Exploration of Power, Gender, Social Determinants, and Capitals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-23, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:661-:d:480275
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Anna Matheson & Jacquie Kidd & Heather Came, 2021. "Women, Patriarchy and Health Inequalities: The Urgent Need to Reorient Our Systems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-4, April.
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