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A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Stigma Surrounding Type 2 Diabetes in Colombia

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  • Victor Pedrero

    (Nursing Faculty, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
    School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile)

  • Jorge Manzi

    (School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile)

  • Luz Marina Alonso

    (Department of Public Health, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia)

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is a global epidemic, and many people feel stigmatized for having this disease. The stigma is a relevant barrier to diabetes management. However, evidence in this regard is scarce in Latin America. This study aimed to analyze the level of stigma surrounding type 2 diabetes in the Colombian population and its relationships with sociodemographic, clinical, psychosocial variables and behaviors related to management of the disease (self-management behaviors). This cross-sectional study included 501 Colombian adults with type 2 diabetes. We estimated the relation between stigma and selected variables through linear regression models. Additionally, we analyzed the mediator role of psychosocial variables in the relationship between stigma and self-management behaviors through structural equation models. A total of 16.4% of patients showed concerning levels of stigma. The time elapsed since diagnosis (β = −0.23) and socioeconomic status (β = −0.13) were significant predictors of the level of stigma. Stigma was negatively correlated with self-efficacy (β = −0.36), self-esteem (β = −0.37), and relationship with health care provider (β = −0.46), and positively correlated with stress (β = 0.23). Self-efficacy, self-esteem, and the relationships with health care providers had a mediation role in the relationship between stigma and self-management behaviors. These variables would be part of the mechanisms through which the perception of stigma harms self-management behaviors. The stigma of type 2 diabetes is frequent in the Colombian population and negatively associated with important aspects of disease management.

Suggested Citation

  • Victor Pedrero & Jorge Manzi & Luz Marina Alonso, 2021. "A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Stigma Surrounding Type 2 Diabetes in Colombia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12657-:d:692522
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Demakakos, Panayotes & Nazroo, James & Breeze, Elizabeth & Marmot, Michael, 2008. "Socioeconomic status and health: The role of subjective social status," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(2), pages 330-340, July.
    2. Jasmin Schabert & Jessica Browne & Kylie Mosely & Jane Speight, 2013. "Social Stigma in Diabetes," The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Springer;International Academy of Health Preference Research, vol. 6(1), pages 1-10, March.
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