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Environmental Remediation Potential of Ferrous Sulfate Waste as an Eco-Friendly Coagulant for the Removal of NH 3 -N and COD from the Rubber Processing Effluent

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Khalish Mohammad Ilias

    (Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Md. Sohrab Hossain

    (Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Rahmat Ngteni

    (Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd, Carey Island 42900, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Adel Al-Gheethi

    (Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built & Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja 86400, Johor, Malaysia)

  • Harlina Ahmad

    (Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Fatehah Mohd Omar

    (School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Mu. Naushad

    (Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sadanand Pandey

    (Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea)

Abstract

The present study was conducted to determine the potential of utilizing the FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste from the titanium manufacturing industry as an effective coagulant for treating industrial effluent. In this study, the secondary rubber processing effluent (SRPE) was treated using ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O) waste from the titanium oxide manufacturing industry. The FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste coagulation efficiency was evaluated on the elimination of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH 3 -N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from SRPE. The central composite design (CCD) of experiments was employed to design the coagulation experiments with varying coagulation time, coagulant doses, and temperature. The coagulation experiments were optimized on the optimal elimination of NH 3 -N and COD using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that coagulant doses and temperature significantly influenced NH 3 -N and COD elimination from SRPE. The highest NH 3 -N and COD removal obtained were 98.19% and 93.86%, respectively, at the optimized coagulation experimental conditions of coagulation time 70 min, coagulant doses 900 mg/L, and temperature 62 °C. The residual NH 3 -N and COD in treated SPRE were found below the specified industrial effluent discharge limits set by DoE, Malaysia. Additionally, the sludge generated after coagulation of SRPE contains essential plant nutrients. The present study’s finding showed that FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste generated as an industrial byproduct in a titanium oxide manufacturing industry could be utilized as an eco-friendly coagulant in treating industrial effluent.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Khalish Mohammad Ilias & Md. Sohrab Hossain & Rahmat Ngteni & Adel Al-Gheethi & Harlina Ahmad & Fatehah Mohd Omar & Mu. Naushad & Sadanand Pandey, 2021. "Environmental Remediation Potential of Ferrous Sulfate Waste as an Eco-Friendly Coagulant for the Removal of NH 3 -N and COD from the Rubber Processing Effluent," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12427-:d:688241
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohammed Ali Musa & Syazwani Idrus & Che Man Hasfalina & Nik Norsyahariati Nik Daud, 2018. "Effect of Organic Loading Rate on Anaerobic Digestion Performance of Mesophilic (UASB) Reactor Using Cattle Slaughterhouse Wastewater as Substrate," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ecaterina Matei & Andra Mihaela Predescu & Anca Andreea Șăulean & Maria Râpă & Mirela Gabriela Sohaciu & George Coman & Andrei-Constantin Berbecaru & Cristian Predescu & Dumitru Vâju & Grigore Vlad, 2022. "Ferrous Industrial Wastes—Valuable Resources for Water and Wastewater Decontamination," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-25, October.

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