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18-Item Version of the Short Gambling Harm Screen (SGHS-18): Validation of Screen for Assessing Gambling-Related Harm among Finnish Population

Author

Listed:
  • Tiina Latvala

    (Health and Wellbeing Promotion Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Matthew Browne

    (Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg 4670, Australia)

  • Matthew Rockloff

    (Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg 4670, Australia)

  • Anne H. Salonen

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland)

Abstract

Background and aims: It is common for gambling research to focus on problem and disordered gambling. Less is known about the prevalence of gambling-related harms among people in the general population. This study aimed to develop and validate the 18-item version of the Short Gambling Harms Screen (SGHS-18). Methods: Population-representative web-based and postal surveys were conducted in the three geographical areas of Finland ( n = 7186, aged 18 or older). Reliability and internal structure of SGHS-18 was assessed using coefficient omega and via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Four measurement models of SGHS-18 were compared: one-factor, six-factor, a second-ordered factor model and a bifactor model (M4). Results: The analysis revealed that only the bifactor model had adequate fit for SGHS-18 (CFI = 0.953, TLI = 0.930, GFI = 0.974, RMSEA = 0.047, SRMR = 0.027). The general factor explained most of the common variance compared to specific factors. Coefficient omega hierarchical value for global gambling harm factor (0.80) was high, which suggested that SGHS-18 assessed the combination of general harm constructs sufficiently. The correlation with the Problem and Pathological Gambling Measures (PPGM) was 0.44, potentially reflecting that gambling harms are closely—although not perfectly—aligned with the mental health issue of problem gambling. SGHS-18 scores were substantially higher for participants who gambled more often, who spent more money or who had gambling problems, demonstrating convergent validity for the screen. Discussion: The SGHS-18 comprehensively measures the domains of gambling harm, while demonstrating desirable properties of internal consistency, and criterion and convergent validity.

Suggested Citation

  • Tiina Latvala & Matthew Browne & Matthew Rockloff & Anne H. Salonen, 2021. "18-Item Version of the Short Gambling Harm Screen (SGHS-18): Validation of Screen for Assessing Gambling-Related Harm among Finnish Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11552-:d:671525
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Matthew Browne & Vijay Rawat & Catherine Tulloch & Cailem Murray-Boyle & Matthew Rockloff, 2021. "The Evolution of Gambling-Related Harm Measurement: Lessons from the Last Decade," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Peter Bentler, 2009. "Alpha, Dimension-Free, and Model-Based Internal Consistency Reliability," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 74(1), pages 137-143, March.
    3. K. Shannon & F. Anjoul & A. Blaszczynski, 2017. "Mapping the proportional distribution of gambling-related harms in a clinical and community sample," International Gambling Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(3), pages 366-385, September.
    4. Belinda C. Goodwin & Matthew Browne & Matthew Rockloff & Judy Rose, 2017. "A typical problem gambler affects six others," International Gambling Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(2), pages 276-289, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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