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The Reliability Factor: Modeling Individual Reliability with Multiple Items from a Single Assessment

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  • Stephen R. Martin

    (University of California, Davis)

  • Philippe Rast

    (University of California, Davis)

Abstract

Reliability is a crucial concept in psychometrics. Although it is typically estimated as a single fixed quantity, previous work suggests that reliability can vary across persons, groups, and covariates. We propose a novel method for estimating and modeling case-specific reliability without repeated measurements or parallel tests. The proposed method employs a “Reliability Factor” that models the error variance of each case across multiple indicators, thereby producing case-specific reliability estimates. Additionally, we use Gaussian process modeling to estimate a nonlinear, non-monotonic function between the latent factor itself and the reliability of the measure, providing an analogue to test information functions in item response theory. The reliability factor model is a new tool for examining latent regions with poor conditional reliability, and correlates thereof, in a classical test theory framework.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen R. Martin & Philippe Rast, 2022. "The Reliability Factor: Modeling Individual Reliability with Multiple Items from a Single Assessment," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 87(4), pages 1318-1342, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:psycho:v:87:y:2022:i:4:d:10.1007_s11336-022-09847-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11336-022-09847-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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