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Pilot Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Subjective and Contextual Factors Surrounding E-Cigarette and Combustible Tobacco Product Use among Young Adults

Author

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  • Deepa R. Camenga

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA)

  • Angela M. Haeny

    (Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA)

  • Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin

    (Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA)

  • Stephanie S. O’Malley

    (Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA)

  • Krysten W. Bold

    (Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA)

Abstract

Background: Dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible tobacco products is common in young adults. We aimed to explore how ratings of subjective and contextual factors differed between discrete episodes of e-cigarette use vs. combustible tobacco product smoking among a sample of young adults. Methods: Young adults (N = 29, ages 18–30) who used e-cigarettes and ≥1 combustible tobacco product at least once weekly completed a 1-week smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Twice daily random prompts assessed past-15-min use of tobacco products, ratings of subjective factors (e.g., negative affect, craving), and contextual factors related to activity, location, and companionship. A multivariable GEE model assessed whether subjective or contextual factors were associated with e-cigarette vs. combustible tobacco product episodes. Results: 184 tobacco use episodes were reported (39.7% e-cigarette, 60.3% combustible tobacco product). High baseline cigarette dependence, as measured by the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence, was associated with lower odds of e-cigarette vs. combustible tobacco product episodes (aOR 0.01, 95% CI (0.002–0.08); p < 0.001). Neither between- or within-subjects negative affect or craving scores were associated with e-cigarette use. Activities of eating/drinking (aOR 0.20, 95% CI (0.08–0.49); p = 0.001) and being in the companionship of a person who smoked cigarettes (aOR 0.13, 95% CI (0.04–0.43); p = 0.001) were associated with lower odds of e-cigarette vs. combustible tobacco product use episodes. However, traveling (aOR 12.02, 95% CI (3.77–38.26); p ≤ 0.001) and being in a public space (aOR 2.76, 95% CI (1.10–6.96); p = 0.03) were associated with higher odds of e-cigarette than combustible tobacco product use episodes. Conclusions: This pilot data suggests that unique contextual factors may be associated with e-cigarette use, compared to combustible tobacco smoking in a sample of young adults who use both e-cigarettes and combustible tobacco products. Future research with larger samples is needed to better characterize varying contexts and cues for tobacco use among young adults who are dual users.

Suggested Citation

  • Deepa R. Camenga & Angela M. Haeny & Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin & Stephanie S. O’Malley & Krysten W. Bold, 2021. "Pilot Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Subjective and Contextual Factors Surrounding E-Cigarette and Combustible Tobacco Product Use among Young Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11005-:d:660237
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Song, A.V. & Ling, P.M., 2011. "Social smoking among young adults: Investigation of intentions and attempts to quit," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 101(7), pages 1291-1296.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stephen R. Shamblen & Melissa H. Abadi & Kirsten T. Thompson & Grisel García-Ramírez & Bonnie O. Richard, 2022. "Changes in the Patterns and Characteristics of Youth ENDS Use over Time," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-13, July.

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