IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i20p10740-d655294.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Maximal Oxygen Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Jing Hu

    (School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Zhen Wang

    (School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Bingkai Lei

    (School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Junping Li

    (School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Ruiyuan Wang

    (School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract

The low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet has recently been subject to attention on account of its reported influences on body composition and physical performance. However, the combined effect of LCHF with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to explore the effect of the LCHF diet combined with HIIT on human body composition (i.e., body weight (BM), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP), fat-free mass (FFM)) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ). Online libraries (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CNKI, Wan Fang) were used to search initial studies until July 2021, from which 10 out of 2440 studies were included. WMD served as the effect size with a confidence interval value of 95%. The results of meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in BM (WMD = −5.299; 95% CI: −7.223, −3.376, p = 0.000), BMI (WMD = −1.150; 95% CI: −2.225, −0.075, p = 0.036), BFP (WMD = −2.787; 95% CI: −4.738, −0.835, p = 0.005) and a significant increase in VO 2max (WMD = 3.311; 95% CI: 1.705, 4.918, p = 0.000), while FM (WMD = −2.221; 95% CI: −4.582, 0.139, p = 0.065) and FFM (WMD = 0.487; 95% CI: −3.512, 4.469, p = 0.814) remained unchanged. In conclusion, the LCHF diet combined with HIIT can reduce weight and fat effectively. This combination is sufficient to prevent muscle mass loss during LCHF, and further enhance VO 2max . Further research might be required to clarify the effect of other types of exercise on body composition and physical performance during LCHF.

Suggested Citation

  • Jing Hu & Zhen Wang & Bingkai Lei & Junping Li & Ruiyuan Wang, 2021. "Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Maximal Oxygen Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-15, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10740-:d:655294
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10740/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10740/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. LiQiang Su & JinMei Fu & ShunLi Sun & GuangGao Zhao & Wei Cheng & ChuanChuan Dou & MingHui Quan, 2019. "Effects of HIIT and MICT on cardiovascular risk factors in adults with overweight and/or obesity: A meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(1), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Tatiana Moro & Giuseppe Marcolin & Antonino Bianco & Francesco Bolzetta & Linda Berton & Giuseppe Sergi & Antonio Paoli, 2020. "Effects of 6 Weeks of Traditional Resistance Training or High Intensity Interval Resistance Training on Body Composition, Aerobic Power and Strength in Healthy Young Subjects: A Randomized Parallel Tr," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-15, June.
    3. Antonio Paoli, 2014. "Ketogenic Diet for Obesity: Friend or Foe?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. José Manuel Leiva-Valderrama & Adrián Montes-de-Oca-Garcia & Edgardo Opazo-Diaz & Jesus G. Ponce-Gonzalez & Guadalupe Molina-Torres & Daniel Velázquez-Díaz & Alejandro Galán-Mercant, 2021. "Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-19, November.
    2. Zhicheng Guo & Jianguang Cai & Ziqiang Wu & Weiqi Gong, 2022. "Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Fasting in the Treatment of Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-20, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dirk Aerenhouts & Eva D’Hondt, 2020. "Using Machines or Free Weights for Resistance Training in Novice Males? A Randomized Parallel Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-13, October.
    2. Yu-Hua Chang & Yi-Chen Chou & Yun-Chi Chang & Kok-Hwa Tan & Mei-Hsuan Wu, 2022. "The Effects of High-Intensity Power Training versus Traditional Resistance Training on Exercise Performance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-11, July.
    3. Chong Zhou & Meng Wang & Jiling Liang & Guomin He & Ning Chen, 2022. "Ketogenic Diet Benefits to Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Lipid Profiles in Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trails," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-12, August.
    4. Hsiao-Han Chao & Yi-Hung Liao & Chun-Chung Chou, 2021. "Influences of Recreational Tennis-Playing Exercise Time on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Healthy Elderly: The ExAMIN AGE Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-13, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10740-:d:655294. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.