IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i20p10705-d654633.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Interactive Effect of COVID-19 Risk and Hospital Measures on Turnover Intentions of Healthcare Workers: A Time-Lagged Study

Author

Listed:
  • Mehwish Majeed

    (Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Irshad

    (Faculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Jos Bartels

    (School of Communication and Film, Department of Communication Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China)

Abstract

COVID-19 has led to a global health emergency worldwide. As a result, healthcare workers undergo distress mainly due to the perceived risk of contracting the virus. Such stress might cause them to leave their jobs. In this context, the current study: (1) introduced the concept of perceived risk of COVID-19 and measured it by adapting and validating an existing scale available on the risk of infectious diseases and (2) investigated its outcomes, underlying mechanisms, and boundary conditions for healthcare workers. With the support of conservation of resources theory, the current study aimed to investigate the association between perceived risk of COVID-19 and turnover intentions among healthcare workers, particularly Doctors, nurses, and paramedics staff. This study also aimed to investigate the mediating role of perceived fear of COVID-19 between perceived risk of COVID-19 and turnover intention. The current study also aimed to examine the buffering role that perceptions of hospital measures against COVID-19 could have on diminishing workers’ turnover intentions. Data were collected through a three time-lag email survey of healthcare workers in Pakistan (N = 178) who currently provide treatment to COVID-19 patients. The results supported the hypothesis that perceived risk of COVID-19 enhances fear of COVID-19 among healthcare workers and, consequently, their turnover intentions. Perceptions of hospital measures against COVID-19 weaken the relationship between perceived risk of COVID-19 and fear of COVID-19, which reduces turnover intentions of health care workers. The current study offers implications for theory, practitioners, and society.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehwish Majeed & Muhammad Irshad & Jos Bartels, 2021. "The Interactive Effect of COVID-19 Risk and Hospital Measures on Turnover Intentions of Healthcare Workers: A Time-Lagged Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10705-:d:654633
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10705/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10705/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Raja, Usman & Azeem, Muhammad Umer & Haq, Inam Ul & Naseer, Saima, 2020. "Perceived threat of terrorism and employee outcomes: The moderating role of negative affectivity and psychological capital," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 316-326.
    2. Paula Franklin & Anna Gkiouleka, 2021. "A Scoping Review of Psychosocial Risks to Health Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-20, March.
    3. Natasha Smallwood & Amy Pascoe & Leila Karimi & Karen Willis, 2021. "Moral Distress and Perceived Community Views Are Associated with Mental Health Symptoms in Frontline Health Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-15, August.
    4. Inam Ul Haq & Usman Raja & Muhammad Umer Azeem & Saima Naseer, 2020. "Perceived threat of terrorism and employee outcomes: The moderating role of negative affectivity and psychological capital," Post-Print hal-03395416, HAL.
    5. Paula McFadden & Jana Ross & John Moriarty & John Mallett & Heike Schroder & Jermaine Ravalier & Jill Manthorpe & Denise Currie & Jaclyn Harron & Patricia Gillen, 2021. "The Role of Coping in the Wellbeing and Work-Related Quality of Life of UK Health and Social Care Workers during COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-15, January.
    6. Francisco-Javier Gago-Valiente & María-Isabel Mendoza-Sierra & Emilia Moreno-Sánchez & Félix Arbinaga & Adrián Segura-Camacho, 2021. "Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Mental Health in Nurses from Huelva: A Cross-Cutting Study during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-11, July.
    7. Hsiao-Mei Chen & Chien-Chi Liu & Shang-Yu Yang & Yu-Rung Wang & Pei-Lun Hsieh, 2021. "Factors Related to Care Competence, Workplace Stress, and Intention to Stay among Novice Nurses during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-10, February.
    8. Ana Soto-Rubio & María del Carmen Giménez-Espert & Vicente Prado-Gascó, 2020. "Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Psychosocial Risks on Burnout, Job Satisfaction, and Nurses’ Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, October.
    9. Loreta Kubilienė & Aušra Griciūtė & Vilma Miglinė & Milda Kukulskienė & Aurima Stankūnienė & Nida Žemaitienė, 2021. "How Does the Assessment of Work Organization during the COVID-19 Pandemic Relate to Changes in the Well-Being of Health System Workers?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-12, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jaap W. Ouwerkerk & Jos Bartels, 2022. "Is Anyone Else Feeling Completely Nonessential? Meaningful Work, Identification, Job Insecurity, and Online Organizational Behavior during a Lockdown in The Netherlands," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-20, January.
    2. Ngqabutho Moyo & Anita D. Bhappu & Moment Bhebhe & Farai Ncube, 2022. "Perceived Risk of COVID-19 and Employee Decision-Making: How Psychological Distress during the Pandemic Increases Negative Performance Outcomes among Healthcare Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-16, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mun, Seongjae & Han, Seung Hun & Kim, Hyeong Joon, 2021. "Terrorist attacks and total factor productivity," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    2. Kim, Hyeong Joon & Han, Seung Hun & Mun, Seongjae, 2022. "Analyzing the effects of terrorist attacks on the value of cash holdings," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    3. Wen Zhang & Wei Liu & Yingyee Wu & Chenlu Ma & Xiyao Xiao & Xichao Zhang, 2022. "How Fear of External Threats Plays Roles: An Examination of Supervisors’ Trait Anger, Abusive Supervision, Subordinate Burnout and CCB," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Li Yu & Weiwei Wu, 2024. "The impact of perceived environmental corporate social responsibility on idea generation and idea implementation," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    5. Sun, Chunxia & Abbas, Hafiz Syed Mohsin & Xu, Xiaodong & Abbas, Sadia, 2022. "The impact of socio-economic and fractionalization determinants on terrorism in ESNA," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    6. Huang, Wenxuan & Xu, Weidong & Gao, Xin & Li, Donghui & Fu, Wentao, 2023. "Terrorist attacks and CEO compensation: UK evidence," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    7. Abbas, Hafiz Syed Mohsin & Xu, Xiaodong & Sun, Chunxia, 2022. "The role of state capacity and socio-economic determinants on health quality and its access in Pakistan (1990–2019)," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    8. Xiao Han & Mengxiao Xue & Qi Zhang & Xiaotian Dong, 2022. "Impact of COVID-19 Risk Perception on Emotional Exhaustion among Chinese Hospitality Employees: The Mediating Effect of Job Insecurity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-14, November.
    9. Foubert, Killian & Ruyssen, Ilse, 2024. "Global migration and the role of terrorist attacks," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 507-530.
    10. Reizer, Abira & Galperin, Bella L. & Chavan, Meena & Behl, Abhishek & Pereira, Vijay, 2022. "Examining the relationship between fear of COVID-19, intolerance for uncertainty, and cyberloafing: A mediational model," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 660-670.
    11. Ann-Christin Grözinger & Sven Wolff & Philipp Julian Ruf & Petra Moog, 2022. "The power of shared positivity: organizational psychological capital and firm performance during exogenous crises," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 689-716, February.
    12. Anna Anastasopoulou & Eftichia Vraimaki & Panagiotis Trivellas, 2023. "Recovery for Resilience: The Mediating Role of Work–Life Balance on the Quality of Life of Women Employees," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-18, August.
    13. Paula Franklin & Wouter Zwysen & Agnieszka Piasna, 2022. "Temporal Dimensions of Job Quality and Gender: Exploring Differences in the Associations of Working Time and Health between Women and Men," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-18, April.
    14. Marin G. Olson & Karly M. Pyles & Danielle Kristen Nadorff, 2023. "Give until It Hurts: An Exploratory Analysis of Mental Health Workers’ Wellness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(20), pages 1-11, October.
    15. Melissa McDiarmid & Marian Condon & Joanna Gaitens, 2021. "The Healthcare Sector Employer’s Duty of Care: Implications for Worker Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-12, June.
    16. Daniela Lemmo & Roberta Vitale & Carmela Girardi & Roberta Salsano & Ersilia Auriemma, 2022. "Moral Distress Events and Emotional Trajectories in Nursing Narratives during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-12, July.
    17. Jonathan Jubin & Philippe Delmas & Ingrid Gilles & Annie Oulevey Bachmann & Claudia Ortoleva Bucher, 2022. "Protective Factors and Coping Styles Associated with Quality of Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Hospital or Care Institution and Private Practice Nurses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-12, June.
    18. Rodriquez, Jason, 2023. "Reconfiguring the social organization of work in the intensive care unit: Changed relationships and new roles during COVID-19," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    19. Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera & Moisés Betancort & C. Amparo Muñoz-Rubilar & Natalia Rodríguez Novo & Carlos De las Cuevas, 2021. "The Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-10, September.
    20. William E. Rosa & Kailey E. Roberts & Amelia E. Schlak & Allison J. Applebaum & William S. Breitbart & Emily H. Kantoff & Hayley Pessin & Wendy G. Lichtenthal, 2022. "The Critical Need for a Meaning-Centered Team-Level Intervention to Address Healthcare Provider Distress Now," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-9, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10705-:d:654633. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.