IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i1p319-d474563.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Children’s Anxiety and Behavior in Dental Clinics, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Heba J. Sabbagh

    (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ghadeer Sharton

    (School of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Jumana Almaghrabi

    (School of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Manal Al-Malik

    (Dental Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah 21411, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mona Hassan Ahmed Hassan

    (Department of Biostatistics, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt)

  • Narmin Helal

    (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked to behavioral problems, but no study has assessed its relationship with dental anxiety. Therefore, this study’s goal is to assess the relation between ETS and both behavioral problems and dental anxiety among children. Methods: The study sample was collected from two centres in Jeddah from October 2019 to January 2020. Inclusion criteria included healthy 5–16-year-old children having their first dental visit with no emergency complaint. The questionnaire including general information, ETS exposure, the child’s anxiety using the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) and dental behavior using the Frankl Behavioral Rating Scale. Results: Of 500 children, 337 (67.4% response rate) responded to the questionnaire, among whom 201 (59.6%) had been exposed to passive smoking compared to 136 (40.4%) who had not. Exposed children had a statistically significantly greater tendency to develop anxiety ( p = 0.002) and demonstrate uncooperative behavior ( p = 0.006). Generalized linear mode and binary regression analyses suggested that ETS has a statistically significant effect on children’s dental anxiety and behavior ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: Children exposed to ETS demonstrated statistically significantly higher anxiety levels and uncooperative behavior in the dental clinic compared to those who were not exposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Heba J. Sabbagh & Ghadeer Sharton & Jumana Almaghrabi & Manal Al-Malik & Mona Hassan Ahmed Hassan & Narmin Helal, 2021. "Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Children’s Anxiety and Behavior in Dental Clinics, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-10, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:1:p:319-:d:474563
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1/319/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1/319/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qingmei Lin & Xiang-Yu Hou & Xiao-Na Yin & Guo-Min Wen & Dengli Sun & Dan-Xia Xian & Lijun Fan & Hui Jiang & Jin Jing & Yu Jin & Chuan-An Wu & Wei-Qing Chen, 2017. "Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Hyperactivity Behavior in Chinese Young Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Janni Niclasen & Thomas William Teasdale & Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen & Anne Mette Skovgaard & Hanne Elberling & Carsten Obel, 2012. "Psychometric Properties of the Danish Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire: The SDQ Assessed for More than 70,000 Raters in Four Different Cohorts," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(2), pages 1-8, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lihua Huang & Gui-You Yang & Katrina L. Schmid & Jing-Yi Chen & Chen-Guang Li & Guan-Hao He & Zeng-Liang Ruan & Wei-Qing Chen, 2020. "Screen Exposure during Early Life and the Increased Risk of Astigmatism among Preschool Children: Findings from Longhua Child Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Jun Wang & Ke Liu & Jing Zheng & Jiali Liu & Liming You, 2017. "Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and Associated Risk Factors among Rural-to-Urban Migrant Children in Guangzhou, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-15, November.
    3. Charlotte L Hall & Boliang Guo & Althea Z Valentine & Madeline J Groom & David Daley & Kapil Sayal & Chris Hollis, 2019. "The validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for children with ADHD symptoms," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, June.
    4. Jensen, Bente & Jensen, Peter & Rasmussen, Astrid Würtz, 2017. "Does professional development of preschool teachers improve children's socio-emotional outcomes?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 26-39.
    5. Binquan Liu & Xinyu Fang & Esben Strodl & Guanhao He & Zengliang Ruan & Ximeng Wang & Li Liu & Weiqing Chen, 2022. "Fetal Exposure to Air Pollution in Late Pregnancy Significantly Increases ADHD-Risk Behavior in Early Childhood," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-16, August.
    6. Ludmila Sevcikova & Jana Babjakova & Jana Jurkovicova & Martin Samohyl & Zuzana Stefanikova & Erika Machacova & Diana Vondrova & Etela Janekova & Katarina Hirosova & Alexandra Filova & Michael Weitzma, 2018. "Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Relation to Behavioral, Emotional, Social and Health Indicators of Slovak School Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-13, June.
    7. Del Bono, Emilia & Etheridge, Ben & Garcia, Paul, 2024. "The economic value of childhood socio-emotional skills," ISER Working Paper Series 2024-01, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    8. Maria Keilow & Hans Henrik Sievertsen & Janni Niclasen & Carsten Obel, 2019. "The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and standardized academic tests: Reliability across respondent type and age," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(7), pages 1-12, July.
    9. Eiberg, Misja & Olsen, Rikke Fuglsang, 2022. "Too high or too low? the role of educational expectations for children in out-of-home care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:1:p:319-:d:474563. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.