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Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Children’s Anxiety and Behavior in Dental Clinics, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Heba J. Sabbagh

    (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ghadeer Sharton

    (School of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Jumana Almaghrabi

    (School of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Manal Al-Malik

    (Dental Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah 21411, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mona Hassan Ahmed Hassan

    (Department of Biostatistics, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt)

  • Narmin Helal

    (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked to behavioral problems, but no study has assessed its relationship with dental anxiety. Therefore, this study’s goal is to assess the relation between ETS and both behavioral problems and dental anxiety among children. Methods: The study sample was collected from two centres in Jeddah from October 2019 to January 2020. Inclusion criteria included healthy 5–16-year-old children having their first dental visit with no emergency complaint. The questionnaire including general information, ETS exposure, the child’s anxiety using the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) and dental behavior using the Frankl Behavioral Rating Scale. Results: Of 500 children, 337 (67.4% response rate) responded to the questionnaire, among whom 201 (59.6%) had been exposed to passive smoking compared to 136 (40.4%) who had not. Exposed children had a statistically significantly greater tendency to develop anxiety ( p = 0.002) and demonstrate uncooperative behavior ( p = 0.006). Generalized linear mode and binary regression analyses suggested that ETS has a statistically significant effect on children’s dental anxiety and behavior ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: Children exposed to ETS demonstrated statistically significantly higher anxiety levels and uncooperative behavior in the dental clinic compared to those who were not exposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Heba J. Sabbagh & Ghadeer Sharton & Jumana Almaghrabi & Manal Al-Malik & Mona Hassan Ahmed Hassan & Narmin Helal, 2021. "Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Children’s Anxiety and Behavior in Dental Clinics, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-10, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:1:p:319-:d:474563
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    1. Qingmei Lin & Xiang-Yu Hou & Xiao-Na Yin & Guo-Min Wen & Dengli Sun & Dan-Xia Xian & Lijun Fan & Hui Jiang & Jin Jing & Yu Jin & Chuan-An Wu & Wei-Qing Chen, 2017. "Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Hyperactivity Behavior in Chinese Young Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Janni Niclasen & Thomas William Teasdale & Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen & Anne Mette Skovgaard & Hanne Elberling & Carsten Obel, 2012. "Psychometric Properties of the Danish Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire: The SDQ Assessed for More than 70,000 Raters in Four Different Cohorts," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(2), pages 1-8, February.
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