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Associations between Oral Hypofunction Tests, Age, and Sex

Author

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  • Yukiko Hatanaka

    (Department of Geriatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan)

  • Junichi Furuya

    (Department of Geriatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan)

  • Yuji Sato

    (Department of Geriatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan)

  • Yoshiki Uchida

    (Department of Geriatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan)

  • Toshiharu Shichita

    (Department of Geriatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan)

  • Noboru Kitagawa

    (Department of Geriatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan)

  • Tokiko Osawa

    (Department of Geriatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan)

Abstract

Oral function declines in older individuals due to disease and age-related changes, making them vulnerable to oral and physical frailty. Therefore, it is important to manage the decline in oral function in older outpatients. Oral hypofunction is diagnosed by seven tests related to oral function, oral hygiene, oral moisture, occlusal force, oral diadochokinesis, tongue pressure, masticatory function, and swallowing function. However, sex or age were not factored into the current reference values of these tests. We included subjects attending the dental hospital clinic for maintenance, and recorded and analyzed oral hypofunction and the factors associated with its diagnosis. Of the 134 outpatients (53 males and 81 females, mean age 75.2 ± 11.2 years), 63% were diagnosed with oral hypofunction. Oral hypofunction prevalence increased significantly with age, and significant variations were observed in all tests. Furthermore, oral hygiene and swallowing function were not associated with oral hypofunction diagnosis. All examined factors decreased with increasing age, even after adjusting sex, except for oral hygiene and moisture. Occlusal force and masticatory function were higher in men after adjusting age. This study suggested that older outpatients were likely to be diagnosed with oral hypofunction, and that the test reference value and their selection for oral hypofunction should be reconsidered.

Suggested Citation

  • Yukiko Hatanaka & Junichi Furuya & Yuji Sato & Yoshiki Uchida & Toshiharu Shichita & Noboru Kitagawa & Tokiko Osawa, 2021. "Associations between Oral Hypofunction Tests, Age, and Sex," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-10, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:10256-:d:646429
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yoshihiro Kugimiya & Masanori Iwasaki & Yuki Ohara & Keiko Motokawa & Ayako Edahiro & Maki Shirobe & Yutaka Watanabe & Shuichi Obuchi & Hisashi Kawai & Yoshinori Fujiwara & Kazushige Ihara & Hunkyung , 2021. "Relationship between Oral Hypofunction and Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Otassha Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-12, June.
    2. Keiko Motokawa & Yurie Mikami & Maki Shirobe & Ayako Edahiro & Yuki Ohara & Masanori Iwasaki & Yutaka Watanabe & Hisashi Kawai & Takeshi Kera & Shuichi Obuchi & Yoshinori Fujiwara & Kazushige Ihara & , 2021. "Relationship between Chewing Ability and Nutritional Status in Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-9, January.
    3. Rena Hidaka & Junichi Furuya & Akira Nishiyama & Hiroyuki Suzuki & Michiyo Aoyagi & Chiaki Matsubara & Yu Yoshizumi & Kanako Yoshimi & Ayako Nakane & Haruka Tohara & Yuji Sato & Shunsuke Minakuchi, 2021. "Structural Equation Modeling of Tongue Function and Tongue Hygiene in Acute Stroke Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-9, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yukiko Hatanaka & Junichi Furuya & Yuji Sato & Risako Taue & Yoshiki Uchida & Toshiharu Shichita & Tokiko Osawa, 2022. "Regular Oral Health Management Improved Oral Function of Outpatients with Oral Hypofunction in Dental Hospital: A Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Ayuto Kodama & Yu Kume & Masahiro Iwakura & Katsuya Iijima & Hidetaka Ota, 2022. "A Pilot Survey: Oral Function as One of the Risk Factors for Physical Frailty," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-9, May.

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