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Outpatient Assessment of Mechanical Load, Heat Strain and Dehydration as Causes of Transitional Acute Kidney Injury in Endurance Trail Runners

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel Rojas-Valverde

    (Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
    Clínica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab & Readapt), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
    Grupo Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

  • Ismael Martínez-Guardado

    (Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, 28015 Madrid, Spain)

  • Braulio Sánchez-Ureña

    (Programa de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica)

  • Rafael Timón

    (Grupo Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

  • Volker Scheer

    (Ultra Sports Science Foundation, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France)

  • José Pino-Ortega

    (Biovetmed & Sportsci Research Group, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain)

  • Guillermo Olcina

    (Grupo Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to globally assess heat strain, dehydration, and mechanical load as acute kidney injury (AKI) indicators in amateur endurance trail athletes during a 35.3 km run. Methods: Thirty amateur experienced trail runners completed an endurance trail run (total positive ascend 1815 m). The following assessments were performed at four measurement time points (pre-, during, immediately post [-post 0h ], and after 24 h of the finish of the run [-post 24h ]): serum test (creatinine, blood ureic nitrogen, albumin, creatine kinase, blood ureic nitrogen: creatinine ratio, creatinine clearance, and glomerular filtration rate), mechanical load (impacts and Player Load), heat strain and dehydration (hematocrit, urine solids, body weight and urine specific gravity), pain and exertion perception (rate of perceived exertion, lumbar and bipodal, and one-leg squat pain), and urinalysis (pH, protein, glucose, erythrocytes, and urine specific gravity). Results: There were pre vs. post 0h changes in all serum biomarkers ( F = 5.4–34.45, p < 0.01). The change in these biomarkers correlated with an increase in mechanical load indicators ( r = 0.47–59, p < 0.05). A total of 40% and 23.4% of participants presented proteinuria and hematuria, respectively. Pain and perceived exertion increased significantly due to effort made during the endurance trail running ( F = 4.2–176.4, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Endurance trail running may lead to an increase in blood and urine indicators of transitional AKI. The difference in blood and urine markers was significantly related to the mechanical load during running, suggesting potential kidney overload and cumulative mechanical load.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Rojas-Valverde & Ismael Martínez-Guardado & Braulio Sánchez-Ureña & Rafael Timón & Volker Scheer & José Pino-Ortega & Guillermo Olcina, 2021. "Outpatient Assessment of Mechanical Load, Heat Strain and Dehydration as Causes of Transitional Acute Kidney Injury in Endurance Trail Runners," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-12, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:10217-:d:645432
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona & José Pino-Ortega & Braulio Sánchez-Ureña & Sergio J. Ibáñez & Daniel Rojas-Valverde, 2019. "Accelerometry-Based External Load Indicators in Sport: Too Many Options, Same Practical Outcome?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Daniel Rojas-Valverde & Braulio Sánchez-Ureña & José Pino-Ortega & Carlos Gómez-Carmona & Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas & Rafael Timón & Guillermo Olcina, 2019. "External Workload Indicators of Muscle and Kidney Mechanical Injury in Endurance Trail Running," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-13, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Victoria Tidmas & Jon Brazier & Lindsay Bottoms & Daniel Muniz & Terun Desai & Janine Hawkins & Sivakumar Sridharan & Ken Farrington, 2022. "Ultra-Endurance Participation and Acute Kidney Injury: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-21, December.

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