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Ecological Study of Variability in the Relationship between Liver Cancer Mortality and Racial Residential Segregation

Author

Listed:
  • Amin Bemanian

    (Pediatric Residency Program, University of Washington, P.O. Box 5371, OC.7.830, Seattle, WA 98105, USA)

  • Laura D. Cassidy

    (Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

  • Raphael Fraser

    (Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

  • Purushottam W. Laud

    (Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

  • Kia Saeian

    (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

  • Kirsten M. M. Beyer

    (Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

Abstract

Racial segregation has been identified as a predictor for the burden of cancer in several different metropolitan areas across the United States. This ecological study tested relationships between racial segregation and liver cancer mortality across several different metropolitan statistical areas in Wisconsin. Tract-level liver cancer mortality rates were calculated using cases from 2003–2012. Hotspot analysis was conducted and segregation scores in high, low, and baseline mortality tracts were compared using ANOVA. Spatial regression analysis was done, controlling for socioeconomic advantage and rurality. Black isolation scores were significantly higher in high-mortality tracts compared to baseline and low-mortality tracts, but stratification by metropolitan areas found this relationship was driven by two of the five metropolitan areas. Hispanic isolation was predictive for higher mortality in regression analysis, but this effect was not found across all metropolitan areas. This study showed associations between liver cancer mortality and racial segregation but also found that this relationship was not generalizable to all metropolitan areas in the study area.

Suggested Citation

  • Amin Bemanian & Laura D. Cassidy & Raphael Fraser & Purushottam W. Laud & Kia Saeian & Kirsten M. M. Beyer, 2021. "Ecological Study of Variability in the Relationship between Liver Cancer Mortality and Racial Residential Segregation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9732-:d:636248
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cutler, David M. & Glaeser, Edward L. & Vigdor, Jacob L., 2008. "When are ghettos bad? Lessons from immigrant segregation in the United States," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 759-774, May.
    2. Eberhardt, M.S. & Pamuk, E.R., 2004. "The importance of place of residence: Examining health in rural and nonrural areas," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(10), pages 1682-1686.
    3. Sandi L. Pruitt & Jasmin A. Tiro & Lei Xuan & Simon J. Craddock Lee, 2016. "Hispanic and Immigrant Paradoxes in U.S. Breast Cancer Mortality: Impact of Neighborhood Poverty and Hispanic Density," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Guangqing Chi & Jun Zhu, 2008. "Spatial Regression Models for Demographic Analysis," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 27(1), pages 17-42, February.
    5. Douglas S. Massey & Jonathan Rothwell & Thurston Domina, 2009. "The Changing Bases of Segregation in the United States," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 626(1), pages 74-90, November.
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