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Hypertension in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome—Age, Weight Status, and Disease Severity

Author

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  • Hai-Hua Chuang

    (Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei Branch and Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
    Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
    Obesity Institute, Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA 17822, USA
    College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan)

  • Jen-Fu Hsu

    (College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
    Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan)

  • Chao-Yung Wang

    (Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan)

  • Li-Pang Chuang

    (College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
    Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan)

  • Min-Chi Chen

    (College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
    Department of Public Health and Biostatistics, Consulting Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan)

  • Ning-Hung Chen

    (College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
    Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan)

  • Yu-Shu Huang

    (College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
    Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan)

  • Hsueh-Yu Li

    (College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
    Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan)

  • Li-Ang Lee

    (College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
    Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan)

Abstract

Older age, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are known to increase the risk of hypertension in adults. However, data for children are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between hypertension, age, weight status, and disease severity in 396 children with OSAS. The prevalence rates of hypertension, obesity, and severe OSAS (apnea-hypopnea index ≥10) were 27.0%, 28.0%, and 42.9%, respectively. Weight z-score and apnea-hypopnea index were independently correlated with systolic blood pressure z-score, and minimal blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) was independently associated with diastolic blood pressure z-score. Overall, late childhood/adolescence (odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.05–2.81), obesity (OR, 2.58, 95% CI = 1.58–4.22), and severe OSAS (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.48–3.81) were independent predictors of pediatric hypertension. Furthermore, late childhood/adolescence (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.10–5.71) and abnormal SpO 2 (mean SpO 2 < 95%; OR = 4.91, 95% CI = 1.81–13.27) independently predicted hypertension in obese children, and severe OSAS (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.27–4.10) independently predicted hypertension in non-obese children. In conclusion, obesity, OSAS severity, and abnormal SpO 2 are potentially modifiable targets to improve hypertension while treating children with OSAS.

Suggested Citation

  • Hai-Hua Chuang & Jen-Fu Hsu & Chao-Yung Wang & Li-Pang Chuang & Min-Chi Chen & Ning-Hung Chen & Yu-Shu Huang & Hsueh-Yu Li & Li-Ang Lee, 2021. "Hypertension in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome—Age, Weight Status, and Disease Severity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9602-:d:633910
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hai-Hua Chuang & Jen-Fu Hsu & Li-Pang Chuang & Ning-Hung Chen & Yu-Shu Huang & Hsueh-Yu Li & Jau-Yuan Chen & Li-Ang Lee & Chung-Guei Huang, 2020. "Differences in Anthropometric and Clinical Features among Preschoolers, School-Age Children, and Adolescents with Obstructive Sleep Apnea—A Hospital-Based Study in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-14, June.
    2. Margaret Pepe & Holly Janes & Gary Longton & Wendy Leisenring & Polly Newcomb, 2004. "Limitations of the Odds Ratio in Gauging the Performance of a Diagnostic or Prognostic Marker," UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series 1035, Berkeley Electronic Press.
    3. Chih-Yu Hsu & Rong-Ho Lin & Yu-Ching Lin & Jau-Yuan Chen & Wen-Cheng Li & Li-Ang Lee & Keng-Hao Liu & Hai-Hua Chuang, 2020. "Are Body Composition Parameters Better than Conventional Anthropometric Measures in Predicting Pediatric Hypertension?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-11, August.
    4. Hiroshi Kimura & Hiroyo Ota & Yuya Kimura & Shin Takasawa, 2019. "Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia on Pulmonary Vascular and Systemic Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-13, August.
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