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Efficacy of eHealth Interventions for Adults with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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  • Giulia Bassi

    (Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
    Digital Health Lab, Centre for Digital Health and Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Povo, Italy)

  • Elisa Mancinelli

    (Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy)

  • Gaia Dell’Arciprete

    (Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy)

  • Silvia Rizzi

    (Digital Health Lab, Centre for Digital Health and Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Povo, Italy)

  • Silvia Gabrielli

    (Digital Health Lab, Centre for Digital Health and Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Povo, Italy)

  • Silvia Salcuni

    (Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy)

Abstract

The aim is to provide meta-analytical evidence on eHealth interventions’ efficacy in supporting the psychosocial and physical well-being of adults with type 1 or type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), and to investigate differences in interventions primarily targeted at providing glycemic control vs. psychosocial support. A PRISMA-guided systematic search was conducted. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) regarding eHealth interventions for adults (18–65 years) with DM were included. Data were pooled using Standard Mean Difference (SMD); sub-group analysis and meta-regressions were performed when appropriate. Outcomes were Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), diabetes distress, quality of life, anxiety, stress, and depression. Intervention acceptability was assessed performing the Odds Ratio (OR) of drop-out rates. Thirteen RCTs comprising 1315 participants were included (52.09% females; M age = 46.18, SD = 9.98). Analyses showed intervention efficacy on HbA1c (SMD = −0.40; 95% CI = −0.70, −0.12; k = 13) and depressive symptoms (SMD = −0.18; 95% CI = −0.33, −0.02; k = 6) at RCTs endpoint and were well accepted (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 0.72, 2.81; k = 10). However, efficacy on HbA1c was not maintained at follow-up (SMD = −0.13; 95% CI = −0.31, 0.05; k = 6). eHealth interventions providing medical support were acceptable and effective in fostering glycemic control and decreasing depressive symptoms in the short-term only. Digital solutions should be developed on multiple levels to fully support the psychophysical well-being of people with DM.

Suggested Citation

  • Giulia Bassi & Elisa Mancinelli & Gaia Dell’Arciprete & Silvia Rizzi & Silvia Gabrielli & Silvia Salcuni, 2021. "Efficacy of eHealth Interventions for Adults with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:8982-:d:622333
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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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    1. Masaya Tsubokawa & Miyuki Nishimura & Koichi Murashita & Takuro Iwane & Yoshinori Tamada, 2022. "Correlation between Glycation-Related Biomarkers and Quality of Life in the General Japanese Population: The Iwaki Cross-Sectional Research Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-11, July.

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