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Evaluation of Groundwater Using an Integrated Approach of Entropy Weight and Stochastic Simulation: A Case Study in East Region of Beijing

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  • Yongxiang Zhang

    (Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Ruitao Jia

    (Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Jin Wu

    (Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Huaqing Wang

    (Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
    LOMC, UMR CNRS 6294, Université du Havre, 76600 Le Havre, France)

  • Zhuoran Luo

    (Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

Abstract

Groundwater is an important source of water in Beijing. Hydrochemical composition and water quality are the key factors to determine the availability of groundwater. Therefore, an improved integrated weight water quality index approach (IWQI) combining the entropy weight method and the stochastic simulation method is proposed. Through systematic investigation of groundwater chemical composition in different periods, using a hydrogeochemical diagram, multivariate statistics and spatial interpolation analysis, the spatial evolution characteristics and genetic mechanism of groundwater chemistry are discussed. The results show that the groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline and low mineralized water. The south part of the study area showed higher concentrations of total dissolved solids, total hardness and NO 3 − -N in the dry season and wet season, and the main hydrochemical types are HCO 3 − -Ca and HCO 3 − -Ca-Mg. The natural source mechanism of the groundwater chemical components in Chaoyang District includes rock weathering, dissolution and cation exchange, while the human-made sources are mainly residents and industrial activities. Improved IWQI evaluation results indicate that water quality decreases from southwest to northeast along groundwater flow path. The water quality index (WQI) method cannot reflect the trend of groundwater. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the improved IWQI method could describe the overall water quality reliably, accurately and stably.

Suggested Citation

  • Yongxiang Zhang & Ruitao Jia & Jin Wu & Huaqing Wang & Zhuoran Luo, 2021. "Evaluation of Groundwater Using an Integrated Approach of Entropy Weight and Stochastic Simulation: A Case Study in East Region of Beijing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:14:p:7703-:d:598039
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Amor Ben Moussa & Sawsan Chandoul & Houcem Mzali & Sarra Bel Haj Salem & Hatem Elmejri & Kamel Zouari & Amor Hafiane & Habib Mrabet, 2021. "Hydrogeochemistry and evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigation purpose in the Mornag region, northeastern Tunisia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 2698-2718, February.
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    3. Mohammad Ali Baghapour & Mohammad Reza Shooshtarian & Mahdi Zarghami, 2020. "Process Mining Approach of a New Water Quality Index for Long-Term Assessment under Uncertainty Using Consensus-Based Fuzzy Decision Support System," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(3), pages 1155-1172, February.
    4. Rajendra B. Zolekar & Rahul S. Todmal & Vijay S. Bhagat & Santosh A. Bhailume & Mahendra S. Korade & Sumit Das, 2021. "Hydro-chemical characterization and geospatial analysis of groundwater for drinking and agricultural usage in Nashik district in Maharashtra, India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 4433-4452, March.
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    1. Xinkang Wang & Changlai Xiao & Xiujuan Liang & Mingqian Li, 2022. "Groundwater Quality Assessment in the Northern Part of Changchun City, Northeast China, Using PIG and Two Improved PIG Methods," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Ying Zhou & Qihao Su & Yulian Li & Xingwei Li, 2022. "Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Multi-Hazard Resilience in Ecologically Fragile Areas of Southwest China: A Case Study in Aba," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-21, September.

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