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Phased Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination: Rapid Assessment of Policy Adoption, Reach and Effectiveness to Protect the Most Vulnerable in the US

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  • Yun Li

    (Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
    NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA)

  • Moming Li

    (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA)

  • Megan Rice

    (Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA)

  • Yanfang Su

    (Department of Global Health, Washington University, Seattle, WA 98195, USA)

  • Chaowei Yang

    (Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
    NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA)

Abstract

The US and the rest of the world have suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic for over a year. The high transmissibility and severity of this virus have provoked governments to adopt a variety of mitigation strategies. Some of these previous measures, such as social distancing and mask mandates, were effective in reducing the case growth rate yet became economically and administratively difficult to enforce as the pandemic continued. In late December 2020, COVID-19 vaccines were first approved in the US and states began a phased implementation of COVID-19 vaccination. However, there is limited quantitative evidence regarding the effectiveness of the phased COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to provide a rapid assessment of the adoption, reach, and effectiveness of the phased implementation of COVID-19 vaccination. We utilize an event-study analysis to evaluate the effect of vaccination on the state-level daily COVID-19 case growth rate. Through this analysis, we assert that vaccination was effective in reducing the spread of COVID-19 shortly after the first shots were given. Specifically, the case growth rate declined by 0.124, 0.347, 0.345, 0.464, 0.490, and 0.756 percentage points corresponding to the 1–5, 6–10, 11–15, 16–20, 21–25, and 26 or more day periods after the initial shots. The findings could be insightful for policymakers as they work to optimize vaccine distribution in later phases, and also for the public as the COVID-19 related health risk is a contentious issue.

Suggested Citation

  • Yun Li & Moming Li & Megan Rice & Yanfang Su & Chaowei Yang, 2021. "Phased Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination: Rapid Assessment of Policy Adoption, Reach and Effectiveness to Protect the Most Vulnerable in the US," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:14:p:7665-:d:597007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yun Li & Moming Li & Megan Rice & Haoyuan Zhang & Dexuan Sha & Mei Li & Yanfang Su & Chaowei Yang, 2021. "The Impact of Policy Measures on Human Mobility, COVID-19 Cases, and Mortality in the US: A Spatiotemporal Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-23, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lixin Lin & Yanji Zhao & Boqiang Chen & Daihai He, 2022. "Multiple COVID-19 Waves and Vaccination Effectiveness in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Zengwang Xu & Bin Jiang, 2022. "Effects of Social Vulnerability and Spatial Accessibility on COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage: A Census-Tract Level Study in Milwaukee County, USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-13, September.

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