IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i14p7292-d590456.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sleep, Physical Activity, and Diet of Adults during the Second Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece

Author

Listed:
  • Zisis Papazisis

    (Faculty of Mathematics, School of Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece)

  • Pantelis T. Nikolaidis

    (School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece)

  • Georgia Trakada

    (Division of Pulmonology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible correlations between sleep, physical activity, and diet in the general population of Greece during the second lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. A web-based questionnaire including 28 items was completed by 494 adults (age 31.5 ± 12.4 years). Half of the participants (49.8%) reported good, 44.1% moderate, and 6.1% bad quality of sleep, whereas 17.2% answered that the quality of sleep improved, 56.5% did not change, and 26.3% worsened compared to a normal week. Compared to normal, sleep duration in lockdown increased by 0.24 h (95% CI; 0.13, 0.35; p < 0.001, d = 0.198). More under-weight (32.4%) and obese (34.1%) respondents reported worsened quality of sleep in lockdown compared with normal (25.6%) and overweight participants (22.7%) ( p = 0.006, Cramer’s ? = 0.191). A small effect for BMI group on sleep duration was observed ( p = 0.011, ? 2 = 0.023), where overweight and obese slept less (–0.44 h and –0.66 h, respectively) than normal weight participants. Subjects with the highest percentage of increased food consumption reported decreased sleep duration ( p = 0.012) and worsened sleep quality ( p = 0.003). Compared with a normal week, physical activity of a high and moderate intensity decreased for 43.0% and 37.0% of participants, did not change in 32.9% and 36.1% of participants, and increased in 24.1% 26.9%, respectively, whereas walking time decreased in 31.3%, did not change in 27.3%, and increased in 41.5% of participants. Increased high and moderate intensity physical activity was related with an improvement in sleep quality ( p < 0.001). Those with decreasing walking time reported the highest percentage of decreased sleep quality ( p = 0.006) and worsened sleep quality ( p = 0.016). In conclusion, both quality and quantity of sleep were impaired during the second lockdown and the observed changes were associated with diet and physical activity.

Suggested Citation

  • Zisis Papazisis & Pantelis T. Nikolaidis & Georgia Trakada, 2021. "Sleep, Physical Activity, and Diet of Adults during the Second Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-11, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:14:p:7292-:d:590456
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/14/7292/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/14/7292/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Maria Rosaria Gualano & Giuseppina Lo Moro & Gianluca Voglino & Fabrizio Bert & Roberta Siliquini, 2020. "Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Mental Health and Sleep Disturbances in Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Athanasia Trakada & Pantelis T. Nikolaidis & Marilia dos Santos Andrade & Paulo José Puccinelli & Nicholas-Tiberio Economou & Paschalis Steiropoulos & Beat Knechtle & Georgia Trakada, 2020. "Sleep During “Lockdown” in the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Vedrana Sember & Kaja Meh & Maroje Sorić & Gregor Starc & Paulo Rocha & Gregor Jurak, 2020. "Validity and Reliability of International Physical Activity Questionnaires for Adults across EU Countries: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-23, September.
    4. Han Shi Jocelyn Chew & Violeta Lopez, 2021. "Global Impact of COVID-19 on Weight and Weight-Related Behaviors in the Adult Population: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-27, February.
    5. Margherita Micheletti Cremasco & Anna Mulasso & Alessia Moroni & Andrea Testa & Raffaella Degan & Alberto Rainoldi & Emanuela Rabaglietti, 2021. "Relation among Perceived Weight Change, Sedentary Activities and Sleep Quality during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Study in an Academic Community in Northern Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-14, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lígia Passos & Filipe Prazeres & Andreia Teixeira & Carlos Martins, 2020. "Impact on Mental Health Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal and Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Mateusz Ciski & Krzysztof Rząsa, 2023. "Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression in the Investigation of Local COVID-19 Anomalies Based on Population Age Structure in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-23, May.
    3. Marcus Vinicius Nascimento-Ferreira & Ana Clara Arrais Rosa & Jacyara Cristina Azevedo & Armando Rodrigues de Alencar Santos & Keisyanne De Araujo-Moura & Kelber Abrão Ferreira, 2022. "Psychometric Properties of the Online International Physical Activity Questionnaire in College Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-9, November.
    4. Thomas Ernst Dorner & Christian Lackinger & Sandra Haider & Igor Grabovac & Katharina Viktoria Stein, 2021. "The Influence of Occupational Categories on Overall and Domain-Specific Physical Activity and the Association with Chronic Diseases. An Analysis Using the Austrian Health Interview Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-16, February.
    5. Micaela Di Consiglio & Sheila Merola & Tiziana Pascucci & Cristiano Violani & Alessandro Couyoumdjian, 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Italian University Students’ Mental Health: Changes across the Waves," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-13, September.
    6. Le Shi & Zheng-An Lu & Jian-Yu Que & Xiao-Lin Huang & Qing-Dong Lu & Lin Liu & Yong-Bo Zheng & Wei-Jian Liu & Mao-Sheng Ran & Kai Yuan & Wei Yan & Yan-Kun Sun & Si-Wei Sun & Jie Shi & Thomas Kosten & , 2021. "Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health among the General Public: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-18, August.
    7. María Giner-Murillo & Beatriz Atienza-Carbonell & Jose Cervera-Martínez & Teresa Bobes-Bascarán & Benedicto Crespo-Facorro & Raquel B. De Boni & Cristina Esteban & María Paz García-Portilla & Susana G, 2021. "Lifestyle in Undergraduate Students and Demographically Matched Controls during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-17, July.
    8. Kele Ding & Jingzhen Yang & Ming-Kai Chin & Lindsay Sullivan & J. Larry Durstine & Verónica Violant-Holz & Giyasettin Demirhan & Nara R.C. Oliveira & Biljana Popeska & Garry Kuan & Waheeda Khan & Jian, 2021. "Physical Activity among Adults Residing in 11 Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-16, July.
    9. Murilo Ricardo Zibetti & Fernanda Barcellos Serralta & Chris Evans, 2021. "Longitudinal Distress among Brazilian University Workers during Pandemics," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-11, August.
    10. Margherita Micheletti Cremasco & Anna Mulasso & Alessia Moroni & Andrea Testa & Raffaella Degan & Alberto Rainoldi & Emanuela Rabaglietti, 2021. "Relation among Perceived Weight Change, Sedentary Activities and Sleep Quality during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Study in an Academic Community in Northern Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-14, March.
    11. Matteo Carpi & Claudia Cianfarani & Annarita Vestri, 2022. "Sleep Quality and Its Associations with Physical and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-13, March.
    12. Krzysztof Rząsa & Mateusz Ciski, 2022. "Influence of the Demographic, Social, and Environmental Factors on the COVID-19 Pandemic—Analysis of the Local Variations Using Geographically Weighted Regression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-26, September.
    13. Bonny Yee-Man Wong & Tai-Hing Lam & Agnes Yuen-Kwan Lai & Man Ping Wang & Sai-Yin Ho, 2021. "Perceived Benefits and Harms of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Well-Being and Their Sociodemographic Disparities in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-14, January.
    14. Katja Haider & Elke Humer & Magdalena Weber & Christoph Pieh & Tiam Ghorab & Rachel Dale & Carina Dinhof & Afsaneh Gächter & Thomas Probst & Andrea Jesser, 2023. "An Assessment of Austrian School Students’ Mental Health and Their Wish for Support: A Mixed Methods Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-18, March.
    15. Rino Falcone & Alessandro Sapienza, 2020. "How COVID-19 Changed the Information Needs of Italian Citizens," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-19, September.
    16. Hui Gao & Xingxing Li & Yunhua Zi & Xuanwen Mu & Mingjian Fu & Tingting Mo & Kuai Yu, 2022. "Reliability and Validity of Common Subjective Instruments in Assessing Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Chinese College Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-10, July.
    17. Rita Sebastião & David Dias Neto & Vasco Costa, 2023. "Understanding Differential Stress and Mental Health Reactions to COVID-19-Related Events," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-13, May.
    18. Cristina González-Monroy & Irene Gómez-Gómez & Cristian M. Olarte-Sánchez & Emma Motrico, 2021. "Eating Behaviour Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-24, October.
    19. Vlad Sever Neculicioiu & Ioana Alina Colosi & Carmen Costache & Alexandra Sevastre-Berghian & Simona Clichici, 2022. "Time to Sleep?—A Review of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sleep and Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-22, March.
    20. Antonio Castillo-Paredes & Beatriz Iglésias & Claudio Farías-Valenzuela & Irina Kovalskys & Georgina Gómez & Attilio Rigotti & Lilia Yadira Cortés & Martha Cecilia Yépez García & Rossina G. Pareja & M, 2022. "Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Active Transportation in Adults from Eight Latin American Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-11, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:14:p:7292-:d:590456. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.