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Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Mental Health and Sleep Disturbances in Italy

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  • Maria Rosaria Gualano

    (Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy)

  • Giuseppina Lo Moro

    (Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy)

  • Gianluca Voglino

    (Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy)

  • Fabrizio Bert

    (Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
    Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy)

  • Roberta Siliquini

    (Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
    Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy)

Abstract

Italy was the first European country that entered a nationwide lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since quarantine can impact on mental health, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleeping disturbances in the Italian population during lockdown. The factors that might influence such outcomes were explored. A national cross-sectional survey was performed during the last 14 days of the Italian lockdown. Questionnaires assessed socio-demographics characteristic, behaviors and healthcare access. The outcomes were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2. Participants with sleep disturbances completed the Insomnia Severity Index. The sample size was 1515. Depression and anxiety symptom prevalence was 24.7% and 23.2%; 42.2% had sleep disturbances and, among them, 17.4% reported moderate/severe insomnia. Being female, an increased time spent on the internet and an avoidance of activities through peer pressure increased the likelihood of at least one mental health outcome. Increasing age, an absence of work-related troubles and being married or being a cohabitant reduced such a probability. Females and participants with chronic conditions were associated with a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances. It is crucial to study effective interventions, specifically planning strategies, for more vulnerable groups and to consider the role of the internet.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Rosaria Gualano & Giuseppina Lo Moro & Gianluca Voglino & Fabrizio Bert & Roberta Siliquini, 2020. "Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Mental Health and Sleep Disturbances in Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:13:p:4779-:d:379666
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cuiyan Wang & Riyu Pan & Xiaoyang Wan & Yilin Tan & Linkang Xu & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2020. "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-25, March.
    2. Smith, Richard D., 2006. "Responding to global infectious disease outbreaks: Lessons from SARS on the role of risk perception, communication and management," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(12), pages 3113-3123, December.
    3. Cristina Mazza & Eleonora Ricci & Silvia Biondi & Marco Colasanti & Stefano Ferracuti & Christian Napoli & Paolo Roma, 2020. "A Nationwide Survey of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-14, May.
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