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Lifestyle in Undergraduate Students and Demographically Matched Controls during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain

Author

Listed:
  • María Giner-Murillo

    (Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Beatriz Atienza-Carbonell

    (Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jose Cervera-Martínez

    (Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Hospital de Denia-Marina Salud, 03700 Alicante, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Teresa Bobes-Bascarán

    (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
    Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
    Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain)

  • Benedicto Crespo-Facorro

    (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
    Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS, 41013 Seville, Spain
    Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sevilla, 41004 Seville, Spain)

  • Raquel B. De Boni

    (Institute of Scientific and Technological Communication and Information in Health (ICICT), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil)

  • Cristina Esteban

    (Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBIS, 41013 Seville, Spain)

  • María Paz García-Portilla

    (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
    Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain)

  • Susana Gomes-da-Costa

    (Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain)

  • Ana González-Pinto

    (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
    Hospital Universitario de Alava, BIOARABA, UPV-EHU, 01005 Vitoria, Spain)

  • María José Jaén-Moreno

    (Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
    Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas y Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Flavio Kapczinski

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
    Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil)

  • Alberto Ponce-Mora

    (CMT-Motores Térmicos, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46002 Valencia, Spain)

  • Fernando Sarramea

    (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
    Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
    Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos

    (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
    Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Eduard Vieta

    (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
    Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain)

  • Iñaki Zorrilla

    (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
    Hospital Universitario de Alava, BIOARABA, UPV-EHU, 01005 Vitoria, Spain)

  • Vicent Balanzá-Martínez

    (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
    Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

Abstract

Few studies have used a multidimensional approach to describe lifestyle changes among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic or have included controls. This study aimed to evaluate lifestyle behaviors and mental health of undergraduate students and compare them with an age and sex-matched control group. A cross-sectional web survey using snowball sampling was conducted several months after the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. A sample of 221 students was recruited. The main outcome was the total SMILE-C score. Students showed a better SMILE-C score than controls (79.8 + 8.1 vs. 77.2 + 8.3; p < 0.001), although these differences disappeared after controlling for covariates. While groups did not differ in the screenings of depression and alcohol abuse, students reported lower rates of anxiety (28.5% vs. 37.1%; p = 0.042). A lower number of cohabitants, poorer self-perceived health and positive screening for depression and anxiety, or for depression only were independently associated ( p < 0.05) with unhealthier lifestyles in both groups. History of mental illness and financial difficulties were predictors of unhealthier lifestyles for students, whereas totally/moderate changes in substance abuse and stress management ( p < 0.05) were predictors for the members of the control group. Several months after the pandemic, undergraduate students and other young adults had similar lifestyles.

Suggested Citation

  • María Giner-Murillo & Beatriz Atienza-Carbonell & Jose Cervera-Martínez & Teresa Bobes-Bascarán & Benedicto Crespo-Facorro & Raquel B. De Boni & Cristina Esteban & María Paz García-Portilla & Susana G, 2021. "Lifestyle in Undergraduate Students and Demographically Matched Controls during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:15:p:8133-:d:606165
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Alberto Bermejo-Franco & Juan Luis Sánchez-Sánchez & María Isabel Gaviña-Barroso & Beatriz Atienza-Carbonell & Vicent Balanzá-Martínez & Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, 2022. "Gender Differences in Psychological Stress Factors of Physical Therapy Degree Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-10, January.
    2. Nor Ba’yah Abdul Kadir & Wan Nur Khairunnisa Ismail & Nurul-Azza Abdullah & Rusyda Helma & Siti Jamiaah Abdul Jalil & Arena Che Kasim & Suzana Mohd Hoesni & Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf, 2021. "Criterion Validity and Psychometric Properties of a Malay Version of the Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation-Confinement (SMILE-C) in a Sample of University Staff with Weight Problem," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-9, October.

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