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Influence of Thermal Environment on Attendance and Adaptive Behaviors in Outdoor Spaces: A Study in a Cold-Climate University Campus

Author

Listed:
  • Jiao Xue

    (School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Wei Liu

    (Division of Sustainable Buildings, Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Kuixing Liu

    (School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

Abstract

Creating a favorable thermal environment in an outdoor space is essential for attracting more occupants to outdoor areas and vitalizing a city. It is possible to study occupants’ needs in an outdoor thermal environment by observing their attendance and behaviors, since people may exhibit certain adaptive measures, such as seeking shade, using parasols, etc., “vote with their feet”, or even leave the space, if they feel uncomfortable. In order to investigate the influence of thermal environment on attendance and adaptive behaviors in outdoor spaces, in this study we carried out field campaigns in a university campus in a cold-climate city. The thermal environment was monitored, while surveys of thermal perceptions and observations of attendance and adaptive behaviors were conducted. Through the data analyses, it was found that the thermal environment had a great impact on the attendance of optional activities, but necessary activities were not influenced. The greatest influence on attendance came from air temperature. The influences of wind and humidity on attendance were found to be coupled with that of air temperature. Adaptive behaviors, such as seeking shade, using parasols, changing clothes, and changing the lengths of stay, were also greatly influenced by air temperature.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiao Xue & Wei Liu & Kuixing Liu, 2021. "Influence of Thermal Environment on Attendance and Adaptive Behaviors in Outdoor Spaces: A Study in a Cold-Climate University Campus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:6139-:d:569970
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hyungkeun Kim & Kyungsoo Lee & Taeyeon Kim, 2018. "Investigation of Pedestrian Comfort with Wind Chill during Winter," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Chen-Fa Wu & Yen-Fen Hsieh & Sheng-Jung Ou, 2015. "Thermal Adaptation Methods of Urban Plaza Users in Asia’s Hot-Humid Regions: A Taiwan Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-27, October.
    3. Jiao Xue & Ruoyu You & Wei Liu & Chun Chen & Dayi Lai, 2020. "Applications of Local Climate Zone Classification Scheme to Improve Urban Sustainability: A Bibliometric Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-14, September.
    4. Hsueh-wen Chow & Andrew J. Mowen & Guan-lin Wu, 2017. "Who Is Using Outdoor Fitness Equipment and How? The Case of Xihu Park," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-12, April.
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