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Sugary Liquids in the Baby Bottle: Risk for Child Undernutrition and Severe Tooth Decay in Rural El Salvador

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Listed:
  • Priyanka Achalu

    (School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Abhishek Bhatia

    (FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, The Lakshmi Mittal and Family South Asia Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA)

  • Bathsheba Turton

    (Department of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 12211, Cambodia)

  • Lucy Luna

    (Asociación Salvadoreña Pro Salud Rural (ASAPROSAR), Santa Ana 02201, El Salvador)

  • Karen Sokal-Gutierrez

    (School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

Abstract

As communities worldwide shift from consuming traditional diets to more processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), increases in child obesity and tooth decay and persistence of undernutrition are particularly apparent in Latin American countries. Further evidence of shared risk factors between child undernutrition and poor oral health outcomes is needed to structure more effective health interventions for children’s nutrition. This study aims to identify dietary, oral health, and sociodemographic risk factors for child undernutrition and severe early childhood caries (sECC) among a convenience sample of 797 caregiver–child pairs from rural Salvadoran communities. Caregiver interviews on child dietary and oral health practices were conducted, and their children’s height, weight, and dental exam data were collected. Multivariable regression analyses were performed using RStudio (version 1.0.143). Caregiver use of SSBs in the baby bottle was identified as a common significant risk factor for child undernutrition ( p = 0.011) and sECC ( p = 0.047). Early childhood caries ( p = 0.023) was also a risk factor for developing undernutrition. Future maternal–child health and nutrition programs should coordinate with oral health interventions to discourage feeding children SSBs in the baby bottle and to advocate for policies limiting SSB marketing to young children and their families.

Suggested Citation

  • Priyanka Achalu & Abhishek Bhatia & Bathsheba Turton & Lucy Luna & Karen Sokal-Gutierrez, 2020. "Sugary Liquids in the Baby Bottle: Risk for Child Undernutrition and Severe Tooth Decay in Rural El Salvador," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-15, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2020:i:1:p:260-:d:473149
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Priyanka Achalu & Neha Zahid & Dominique N Sherry & Andrew Chang & Karen Sokal-Gutierrez, 2019. "A Qualitative Study of Child Nutrition and Oral Health in El Salvador," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-12, July.
    2. Chloe Tsang & Karen Sokal-Gutierrez & Priya Patel & Brett Lewis & Debbie Huang & Kristina Ronsin & Ashmita Baral & Aparna Bhatta & Nehaa Khadka & Howard Barkan & Sidhanta Gurung, 2019. "Early Childhood Oral Health and Nutrition in Urban and Rural Nepal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-11, July.
    3. Wallerstein, N. & Duran, B., 2010. "Community-based participatory research contributions to intervention research: The intersection of science and practice to improve health equity," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(S1), pages 40-46.
    4. Florence L Théodore & Jessica E Moreno-Saracho & Anabelle Bonvecchio & María del Carmen Morales-Ruán & Lizbeth Tolentino-Mayo & Nancy López-Olmedo & Teresa Shamah-Levy & Juan A Rivera, 2018. "Lessons learned and insights from the implementation of a food and physical activity policy to prevent obesity in Mexican schools: An analysis of nationally representative survey results," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-12, June.
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