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Smoking Prevalence and Secondhand Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy and Postpartum—Establishing Risks to Health and Human Rights before Developing a Tailored Programme for Smoking Cessation

Author

Listed:
  • Kate Frazer

    (School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland)

  • Patricia Fitzpatrick

    (School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
    Department of Preventive Medicine & Health Promotion, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland)

  • Mary Brosnan

    (National Maternity Hospital, Holles Street, Dublin 2, Ireland)

  • Anne Marie Dromey

    (UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland)

  • Sarah Kelly

    (UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland)

  • Michael Murphy

    (UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland)

  • Denise O’Brien

    (School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland)

  • Cecily C. Kelleher

    (Department of Preventive Medicine & Health Promotion, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
    University College Dublin, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland)

  • Fionnuala M. McAuliffe

    (UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland)

Abstract

Both smoking during pregnancy and secondhand smoke exposure are associated with reduced health outcomes. However, limited consistent evidence exists of risks of secondhand smoke exposure in pregnancy. Currently, inadequate smoking cessation services exist in Irish maternity hospitals. To identify the number of pregnant women smoking during pregnancy and to identify their exposure to secondhand smoke, we conducted a cross-sectional observational pilot study in one regional maternity hospital in Ireland in July/August 2018. Respondents were (1) women attending antenatal clinics and (2) postpartum women before discharge. Variables measured included smoking status of pregnant women and partner status, demographic variables, secondhand smoke exposure, and support for hospital smoke-free policy and development of smoking cessation services. The overall response rate was 42.2% in this study. The response rate was 56.5% (111/196) from postnatal wards and 37.3% (215/577) from antenatal clinics. Over 40% of respondents reported they had smoked during their lifetime. The majority of women (70%) reported quitting smoking before their pregnancy. Few women were active smokers. Almost 40% reported exposure to tobacco smoke in the previous week (38.5%); 16.9% reported living with a smoker, a critical factor in increased risk (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.89, 95% CI = 1.86–8.15, p < 0.001). Approximately 10% of postnatal mothers reported that their newborn would travel home with a smoker. Support for a no-smoking hospital policy was very high as was support for the development of cessation services. No documentation of secondhand smoke exposure for pregnant women or newborns is sought or recorded routinely in the hospital. A systems approach to develop smoking cessation programmes in maternity care should include screening and documenting of secondhand smoke exposure risks for women during pregnancy, and for their newborns at discharge, to improve health outcomes and protect human rights.

Suggested Citation

  • Kate Frazer & Patricia Fitzpatrick & Mary Brosnan & Anne Marie Dromey & Sarah Kelly & Michael Murphy & Denise O’Brien & Cecily C. Kelleher & Fionnuala M. McAuliffe, 2020. "Smoking Prevalence and Secondhand Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy and Postpartum—Establishing Risks to Health and Human Rights before Developing a Tailored Programme for Smoking Cessation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:6:p:1838-:d:331657
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bloch, M. & Althabe, F. & Onyamboko, M. & Kaseba-Sata, C. & Castilla, E.E. & Freire, S. & Garces, A.L. & Parida, S. & Goudar, S.S. & Kadir, M.M. & Goco, N. & Thornberry, J. & Daniels, M. & Bartz, J. &, 2008. "Tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy: An investigative survey of women in 9 developing nations," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(10), pages 1833-1840.
    2. Katarzyna A Campbell & Libby Fergie & Tom Coleman-Haynes & Sue Cooper & Fabiana Lorencatto & Michael Ussher & Jane Dyas & Tim Coleman, 2018. "Improving Behavioral Support for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: What Are the Barriers to Stopping and Which Behavior Change Techniques Can Influence Them? Application of Theoretical Domains Framework," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Chau Quy Ngo & Phuong Thu Phan & Giap Van Vu & Hanh Thi Chu & Toan Thi Nguyen & Mai Hong Nguyen & Hai Thanh Phan & Benjamin M. Y. Ong & Giang Thu Vu & Kiet Tuan Huy Pham & Bach Xuan Tran & Carl A. Lat, 2019. "Prevalence and Sources of Second-Hand Smoking Exposure among Non-Smoking Pregnant Women in an Urban Setting of Vietnam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Katarzyna Anna Campbell & Katharine Anna Bowker & Felix Naughton & Melanie Sloan & Sue Cooper & Tim Coleman, 2016. "Antenatal Clinic and Stop Smoking Services Staff Views on “Opt-Out” Referrals for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Framework Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-12, October.
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    1. Meiman Maggie Chen & Su-Er Guo & Chi-Pin Yuan & Chizimuzo Okoli & Yen-Chi Liao, 2021. "Association between Self-Reported Survey Measures and Biomarkers of Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Non-Smoking Pregnant Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-10, August.

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