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Impact of Smoking Ban on Passive Smoke Exposure in Pregnant Non-Smokers in the Southeastern United States

Author

Listed:
  • Julia C. Schechter

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, 2608 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27705, USA)

  • Bernard F. Fuemmeler

    (Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980430, Richmond, VA 23298, USA)

  • Cathrine Hoyo

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA)

  • Susan K. Murphy

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 91012, Durham, NC 27708, USA)

  • Junfeng (Jim) Zhang

    (Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27701, USA)

  • Scott H. Kollins

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, 2608 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27705, USA)

Abstract

Prenatal passive smoke exposure raises risk for negative birth outcomes. Legislation regulating public smoking has been shown to impact exposure levels, though fewer studies involving pregnant women have been conducted within the U.S. where bans are inconsistent across regions. This study examined the effect of a ban enacted in the southeastern U.S. on pregnant women’s cotinine levels. Additional analyses compared self-reported exposure to cotinine and identified characteristics associated with passive exposure. Pregnant women ( N = 851) were recruited prospectively between 2005 and 2011 in North Carolina. Sociodemographic and health data were collected via surveys; maternal blood samples were assayed for cotinine. Among non-active smokers who provided self-report data regarding passive exposure ( N = 503), 20% were inconsistent with corresponding cotinine. Among all non-smokers ( N = 668), being unmarried, African American, and less educated were each associated with greater passive exposure. Controlling for covariates, mean cotinine was higher prior to the ban compared to after, F (1, 640) = 24.65, p < 0.001. Results suggest that banning smoking in public spaces may reduce passive smoke exposure for non-smoking pregnant women. These data are some of the first to examine the impact of legislation on passive smoke exposure in pregnant women within the U.S. using a biomarker and can inform policy in regions lacking comprehensive smoke-free legislation.

Suggested Citation

  • Julia C. Schechter & Bernard F. Fuemmeler & Cathrine Hoyo & Susan K. Murphy & Junfeng (Jim) Zhang & Scott H. Kollins, 2018. "Impact of Smoking Ban on Passive Smoke Exposure in Pregnant Non-Smokers in the Southeastern United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:1:p:83-:d:125701
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thomas G Land & Anna S Landau & Susan E Manning & Jane K Purtill & Kate Pickett & Lauren Wakschlag & Vanja M Dukic, 2012. "Who Underreports Smoking on Birth Records: A Monte Carlo Predictive Model with Validation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(4), pages 1-8, April.
    2. Kerry Anne McGeary & Dhaval Dave & Brandy Lipton & Timothy Roeper, 2020. "Impact of Comprehensive Smoking Bans on the Health of Infants and Children," American Journal of Health Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 6(1), pages 1-38.
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    4. Hong Cui & Ting-Ting Gong & Cai-Xia Liu & Qi-Jun Wu, 2016. "Associations between Passive Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Preterm Birth: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(1), pages 1-18, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Westley L. Fallavollita & Elizabeth K. Do & Julia C. Schechter & Scott H. Kollins & Junfeng (Jim) Zheng & Jian Qin & Rachel L. Maguire & Cathrine Hoyo & Susan K. Murphy & Bernard F. Fuemmeler, 2021. "Smoke-Free Home Rules and Association with Child Secondhand Smoke Exposure among Mother–Child Dyad Relationships," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-11, May.
    2. Sen Zeng & Haruko Noguchi & Satoru Shimokawa, 2019. "Partial Smoking Ban and Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-13, August.

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