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Antenatal Clinic and Stop Smoking Services Staff Views on “Opt-Out” Referrals for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Framework Analysis

Author

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  • Katarzyna Anna Campbell

    (University of Nottingham, Division of Primary Care, Room 1406, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
    These authors contributed equally to the work.)

  • Katharine Anna Bowker

    (University of Nottingham, Division of Primary Care, Room 1406, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
    These authors contributed equally to the work.)

  • Felix Naughton

    (Behavioural Science Group, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK)

  • Melanie Sloan

    (Behavioural Science Group, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK)

  • Sue Cooper

    (University of Nottingham, Division of Primary Care, Room 1406, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK)

  • Tim Coleman

    (University of Nottingham, Division of Primary Care, Room 1406, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK)

Abstract

Introduction: UK guidance recommends routine exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) screening for pregnant women and “opt-out” referrals to stop smoking services (SSS) of those with CO ≥ 4 ppm. We explored staff views on this referral pathway when implemented in one UK hospital Trust. Methods: Seventeen semi-structured interviews with staff involved in the implementation of the new referral pathway: six antenatal clinic staff (before and after implementation); five SSS staff (after). Data were analyzed using framework analysis. Results: Two themes were identified: (1) views on implementation of the pathway and (2) impact of the pathway on the women. Generally, staff felt that following training, referrals were less arduous to implement and better received than expected. The majority believed this pathway helped engage women motivated to quit and offered a unique chance to impart smoking cessation knowledge to hard-to-reach women, who might not otherwise contact SSS. An unexpected issue arose during implementation—dealing with non-smokers with high CO readings. Conclusions: According to staff, the “opt-out” referral pathway is an acceptable addition to routine antenatal care. It can help engage hard-to-reach women and educate them about the dangers of smoking in pregnancy. Incorporating advice on dealing with non-smokers with high CO into routine staff training could help future implementations.

Suggested Citation

  • Katarzyna Anna Campbell & Katharine Anna Bowker & Felix Naughton & Melanie Sloan & Sue Cooper & Tim Coleman, 2016. "Antenatal Clinic and Stop Smoking Services Staff Views on “Opt-Out” Referrals for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Framework Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:10:p:1004-:d:80358
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    Cited by:

    1. Chineme Enyioha & Graham W. Warren & Glen D. Morgan & Adam O. Goldstein, 2020. "Tobacco Use and Treatment among Cancer Survivors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Kate Frazer & Patricia Fitzpatrick & Mary Brosnan & Anne Marie Dromey & Sarah Kelly & Michael Murphy & Denise O’Brien & Cecily C. Kelleher & Fionnuala M. McAuliffe, 2020. "Smoking Prevalence and Secondhand Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy and Postpartum—Establishing Risks to Health and Human Rights before Developing a Tailored Programme for Smoking Cessation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-11, March.
    3. Katarzyna A Campbell & Libby Fergie & Tom Coleman-Haynes & Sue Cooper & Fabiana Lorencatto & Michael Ussher & Jane Dyas & Tim Coleman, 2018. "Improving Behavioral Support for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: What Are the Barriers to Stopping and Which Behavior Change Techniques Can Influence Them? Application of Theoretical Domains Framework," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, February.

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