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Spatially Varying and Scale-Dependent Relationships of Land Use Types with Stream Water Quality

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  • Se-Rin Park

    (Graduate Program, Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea)

  • Sang-Woo Lee

    (Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Korea)

Abstract

Understanding the complex relationships between land use and stream water quality is critical for water pollution control and watershed management. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between land use types and water quality indicators at multiple spatial scales, namely, the watershed and riparian scales, using the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. GWR extended traditional regression models, such as OLS to address the spatial variations among variables. Our results indicated that the water quality indicators were significantly affected by agricultural and forested areas at both scales. We found that extensive agricultural land use had negative effects on water quality indicators, whereas, forested areas had positive effects on these indicators. The results also indicated that the watershed scale is effective for management and regulation of watershed land use, as the predictive power of the models is much greater at the watershed scale. The maps of estimated local parameters and local R 2 in GWR models showcased the spatially varying relationships and indicated that the effects of land use on water quality varied over space. The results of this study reinforced the importance of watershed management in the planning, restoration, and management of stream water quality. It is also suggested that planners and managers may need to adopt different strategies, considering watershed characteristics—such as topographic features and meteorological conditions—and the source of pollutants, in managing stream water quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Se-Rin Park & Sang-Woo Lee, 2020. "Spatially Varying and Scale-Dependent Relationships of Land Use Types with Stream Water Quality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:5:p:1673-:d:328314
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yirigui Yirigui & Sang-Woo Lee & A. Pouyan Nejadhashemi & Matthew R. Herman & Jong-Won Lee, 2019. "Relationships between Riparian Forest Fragmentation and Biological Indicators of Streams," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-24, May.
    2. Jiabo Chen & Jun Lu, 2014. "Effects of Land Use, Topography and Socio-Economic Factors on River Water Quality in a Mountainous Watershed with Intensive Agricultural Production in East China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(8), pages 1-12, August.
    3. Yirigui Yirigui & Sang-Woo Lee & A. Pouyan Nejadhashemi, 2019. "Multi-Scale Assessment of Relationships between Fragmentation of Riparian Forests and Biological Conditions in Streams," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-24, September.
    4. Peixuan Cheng & Fansheng Meng & Yeyao Wang & Lingsong Zhang & Qi Yang & Mingcen Jiang, 2018. "The Impacts of Land Use Patterns on Water Quality in a Trans-Boundary River Basin in Northeast China Based on Eco-Functional Regionalization," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-29, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Deok-Woo Kim & Eu Gene Chung & Eun Hye Na & Youngseok Kim, 2024. "Spatial Correlations between Nitrogen Budgets and Surface Water and Groundwater Quality in Watersheds with Varied Land Covers," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Soon-Jin Hwang, 2020. "Eutrophication and the Ecological Health Risk," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-6, August.
    3. Se-Rin Park & Suyeon Kim & Sang-Woo Lee, 2021. "Evaluating the Relationships between Riparian Land Cover Characteristics and Biological Integrity of Streams Using Random Forest Algorithms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-14, March.

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