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Groundwater Chemical Characteristics and Controlling Factors in a Region of Northern China with Intensive Human Activity

Author

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  • Chaobin Ren

    (School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
    School of Civil Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, China)

  • Qianqian Zhang

    (Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China)

Abstract

The identification of groundwater chemical characteristics and the controlling factors is of major concern in water environment studies. In this study, we identified the groundwater chemical characteristics, evolution laws and main control factors in a region severely affected by human activities using hydrochemical and multivariate statistical techniques. The results showed that the concentrations of NO 3 − and TH were the primary pollution factors in the region with intensive human activity because of high concentration and over the standard rates. The major types of groundwater chemistry were HCO 3 ·SO 4 –Ca and HCO 3 ·SO 4 –Ca·Mg. The sulfate-type water was as high as 75.0%, 69.2% and 41.2% in the three hydrogeological units. In addition, there were Cl-type and Na-type waters, indicating that the groundwater in this area has been significantly affected by human activities. A principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the three factors affecting groundwater hydrochemistry in the study area are domestic sewage and fertilizer, water–rock interactions and industrial wastewater. Therefore, we suggest that the government and water environment management departments should prevent the discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater without standardized treatment first in order to effectively prevent the further deterioration of groundwater quality in this area.

Suggested Citation

  • Chaobin Ren & Qianqian Zhang, 2020. "Groundwater Chemical Characteristics and Controlling Factors in a Region of Northern China with Intensive Human Activity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:23:p:9126-:d:458255
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Bing Zhou & Huiwei Wang & Qianqian Zhang, 2021. "Assessment of the Evolution of Groundwater Chemistry and Its Controlling Factors in the Huangshui River Basin of Northwestern China, Using Hydrochemistry and Multivariate Statistical Techniques," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Chao Niu & Qianqian Zhang & Lele Xiao & Huiwei Wang, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Variation in Groundwater Quality and Source Apportionment along the Ye River of North China Using the PMF Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Hassan E. Gomaa & AbdAllah A. Alotibi & Mohamed Charni & Fatma A. Gomaa, 2023. "Integrating GIS, Statistical, Hydrogeochemical Modeling and Graphical Approaches for Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Ad-Dawadmi Ground Water, Saudi Arabia: Status and Implications of Evaporation and Ro," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-29, March.
    4. Soumaya Hajji & Nabila Allouche & Salem Bouri & Awad M. Aljuaid & Wafik Hachicha, 2021. "Assessment of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Using Multivariate Statistical Analyses and Hydrochemical Facies Evolution-Based Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-18, December.
    5. Chang-Ying Hu & Shi-Hai Zhu, 2021. "Method of Setting Environmental Administrative Fine Amounts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-13, May.

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