IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i23p8950-d454661.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Loyalty in Heritage Tourism: The Case of Córdoba and Its Four World Heritage Sites

Author

Listed:
  • Juan Antonio Jimber del Río

    (Agricultural Economics, Finance and Accounting, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. de Medina Azahara 5, 14071 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Ricardo D. Hernández-Rojas

    (Agricultural Economics, Finance and Accounting, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. de Medina Azahara 5, 14071 Córdoba, Spain)

  • Arnaldo Vergara-Romero

    (Research Department, Ecotec University, Samborondón 092302, Ecuador
    Research Department, Espiritu Santo University, Samborondón 092302, Ecuador)

  • Mª Genoveva Dancausa Dancausa Millán

    (Management, Economic Applied and Stadistics, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. de Medina Azahara 5, 14071 Córdoba, Spain)

Abstract

The aim of this research is to study visitor loyalty at a destination with heritage sites and to use the results to improve the competitiveness of the destination. This study used the SPSS AMOS software with a model of structural equations to evaluate the proposed hypotheses. A questionnaire was given to a sample of 428 tourists who visited the heritage sites in Córdoba. The management of any World Heritage City needs to know about the visitors’ experience at the destination, which includes their expectations for the trip, expected quality of the destination, satisfaction with the destination, and how these affect visitor loyalty to the city, because it is important to get the visitor to recommend, and return to, the destination. In the case of Córdoba, the research has proven that visitor loyalty depends on visitor satisfaction with the destination, which depends on the perceived quality and value of the visit. In addition, the following areas for improvement have been identified: improvement of the information about the destination, improvement of waiting times and the professionalization of specialized tour guides at heritage sites. Therefore, the findings are important for city managers in order to be able to take actions which increase the loyalty to, and competitiveness of, the city compared to other similar destinations with heritage sites.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Antonio Jimber del Río & Ricardo D. Hernández-Rojas & Arnaldo Vergara-Romero & Mª Genoveva Dancausa Dancausa Millán, 2020. "Loyalty in Heritage Tourism: The Case of Córdoba and Its Four World Heritage Sites," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:23:p:8950-:d:454661
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/23/8950/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/23/8950/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jaime Jover & Ibán Díaz-Parra, 2020. "Gentrification, transnational gentrification and touristification in Seville, Spain," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(15), pages 3044-3059, November.
    2. Jorge Sequera & Jordi Nofre, 2018. "Shaken, not stirred: New debates on touristification and the limits of gentrification," City, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(5-6), pages 843-855, November.
    3. Hosany, Sameer & Prayag, Girish, 2013. "Patterns of tourists' emotional responses, satisfaction, and intention to recommend," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(6), pages 730-737.
    4. Almudena Nolasco‐Cirugeda & Pablo Martí & Gabino Ponce, 2020. "Keeping mass tourism destinations sustainable via urban design: The case of Benidorm," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(5), pages 1289-1303, September.
    5. Sarstedt, Marko & Hair, Joseph F. & Cheah, Jun-Hwa & Becker, Jan-Michael & Ringle, Christian M., 2019. "How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM," Australasian marketing journal, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 197-211.
    6. Eugene W. Anderson & Mary W. Sullivan, 1993. "The Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Satisfaction for Firms," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 12(2), pages 125-143.
    7. Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib & Salam, Maimoona & Fayolle, Alain & Jaafar, Norizan & Ayupp, Kartinah, 2018. "Impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in Malaysia airlines: A PLS-SEM approach," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 169-180.
    8. Rie Nomura & Siyuan Shan & Suguru Mori, 2018. "Analyzing Spatial Structure of Traditional Houses in Old Towns with Tourism Development and Its Transformation toward Sustainable Development of Residential Environments in Hexia Old Town, in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, October.
    9. Jorge Sequera & Jordi Nofre, 2020. "Touristification, transnational gentrification and urban change in Lisbon: The neighbourhood of Alfama," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(15), pages 3169-3189, November.
    10. Elina Simone & Rosaria Rita Canale & Amedeo Maio, 2019. "Do UNESCO World Heritage Sites Influence International Tourist Arrivals? Evidence from Italian Provincial Data," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 146(1), pages 345-359, November.
    11. María García-Hernández & Manuel De la Calle-Vaquero & Claudia Yubero, 2017. "Cultural Heritage and Urban Tourism: Historic City Centres under Pressure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-19, August.
    12. Dalia Perkumienė & Rasa Pranskūnienė, 2019. "Overtourism: Between the Right to Travel and Residents’ Rights," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-17, April.
    13. Kir Kuščer & Tanja Mihalič, 2019. "Residents’ Attitudes towards Overtourism from the Perspective of Tourism Impacts and Cooperation—The Case of Ljubljana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-16, March.
    14. Zhang, Xiaowei & Yang, Yang & Zhang, Yi & Zhang, Zili, 2020. "Designing tourist experiences amidst air pollution: A spatial analytical approach using social media," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    15. Chang, Seohee, 2018. "Experience economy in hospitality and tourism: Gain and loss values for service and experience," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 55-63.
    16. G. Tomas M. Hult & Forrest V. Morgeson & Neil A. Morgan & Sunil Mithas & Claes Fornell, 2017. "Do managers know what their customers think and why?," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 37-54, January.
    17. Yu-Shan Chen & Ching-Ying Lin & Chia-Sui Weng, 2015. "The Influence of Environmental Friendliness on Green Trust: The Mediation Effects of Green Satisfaction and Green Perceived Quality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(8), pages 1-18, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mira Maria do Rosário & Devile Eugénia Lima & Lima Susana & Moura Andreia, 2023. "What has been said about the reinvention of post-COVID tourism: A bibliometric analysis," European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, Sciendo, vol. 13(1), pages 67-79, December.
    2. Ibrahim Mohamed Ibrahim Elassal & Ricardo David Hernandez-Rojas & Luz Arelis Moreno Quispe, 2023. "Loyalty to World Heritage Cities: A Case Study of the Historic Ibn Ṭūlūn Mosque in Cairo (Egypt)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Jiachen Li & Mengru Xie & Mengfei Yu & Young-joo Ahn, 2024. "Understanding Tourists’ Social Networking Site (SNS) Intention with Regards to World Heritage Sites: The Role of Motivation and Overall Image," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Sanja Kovačić & Tatjana Pivac & Müge Akkar Ercan & Kinga Kimic & Petja Ivanova-Radovanova & Klodiana Gorica & Ermelinda Kordha Tolica, 2023. "Exploring the Image, Perceived Authenticity, and Perceived Value of Underground Built Heritage (UBH) and Its Role in Motivation to Visit: A Case Study of Five Different Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-21, July.
    5. Qiqi Liu & Xiaolan Tang & Ka Li, 2022. "Do Historic Landscape Images Predict Tourists’ Spatio-Temporal Behavior at Heritage Sites? A Case Study of West Lake in Hangzhou, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-20, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fernando Almeida-García & Rafael Cortés-Macías & Krzysztof Parzych, 2021. "Tourism Impacts, Tourism-Phobia and Gentrification in Historic Centers: The Cases of Málaga (Spain) and Gdansk (Poland)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-25, January.
    2. Laura Serrano & Antonio Sianes & Antonio Ariza-Montes, 2020. "Understanding the Implementation of Airbnb in Urban Contexts: Towards a Categorization of European Cities," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-21, December.
    3. Francesca Leccis, 2023. "Urban Regeneration and Touristification in the Sardinian Capital City of Cagliari, Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-29, February.
    4. Pedro, Rui & Mendes, Júlio & Matos, Nelson & Ascenção, Mário & Pinto, Patrícia, 2021. "How tourists perceive, create and encode the memorable tourism experience," Journal of Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, Cinturs - Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, University of Algarve, vol. 9(4), pages 296-325.
    5. Andreea-Daniela Moraru & Cristina Duhnea & Alina Barbulescu & Mariana Juganaru & Ion-Danut Juganaru, 2021. "Residents’ Attitude toward Tourism—Do the Benefits Outweigh the Downsides? The Case of Constanta, Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, January.
    6. María Salomé Ochoa Rico & Arnaldo Vergara-Romero & José Fernando Romero Subia & Juan Antonio Jimber del Río, 2022. "Study of citizen satisfaction and loyalty in the urban area of Guayaquil: Perspective of the quality of public services applying structural equations," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(2), pages 1-27, February.
    7. Boyu Lin & Woojin Lee & Qiuju Wang, 2023. "Residents’ Perceptions of Tourism Gentrification in Traditional Industrial Areas Using Q Methodology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-19, November.
    8. Inês Gusman & Pedro Chamusca & José Fernandes & Jorge Pinto, 2019. "Culture and Tourism in Porto City Centre: Conflicts and (Im)Possible Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-21, October.
    9. Pablo Altaba & Juan A. García-Esparza, 2021. "A Practical Vision of Heritage Tourism in Low-Population-Density Areas. The Spanish Mediterranean as a Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, May.
    10. Silvio Cristiano & Francesco Gonella, 2020. "‘Kill Venice’: a systems thinking conceptualisation of urban life, economy, and resilience in tourist cities," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 7(1), pages 1-13, December.
    11. Adam R. Szromek & Zygmunt Kruczek & Bartłomiej Walas, 2019. "The Attitude of Tourist Destination Residents towards the Effects of Overtourism—Kraków Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, December.
    12. Giuseppe De Luca & Ahmadreza Shirvani Dastgerdi & Carlo Francini & Giovanni Liberatore, 2020. "Sustainable Cultural Heritage Planning and Management of Overtourism in Art Cities: Lessons from Atlas World Heritage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-11, May.
    13. Arlindo Madeira & Teresa Palrão & Alexandra Sofia Mendes & Ernesto López-Morales, 2021. "Perceptions about Tourism and Tourists in Historic Neighborhoods: The Case of Alfama," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-14, July.
    14. Wu, Chih-Wen, 2016. "Destination loyalty modeling of the global tourism," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(6), pages 2213-2219.
    15. Francisco Conejo-Arrabal & Carlos Rosa-Jiménez & Nuria Nebot-Gómez de Salazar, 2023. "Patterns of Public Spaces in Spanish Mediterranean Touristified Historic Centres Based on Their Activities: Case Study of Malaga," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-16, August.
    16. María-del-Mar Alonso-Almeida & Fernando Borrajo-Millán & Liu Yi, 2019. "Are Social Media Data Pushing Overtourism? The Case of Barcelona and Chinese Tourists," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-17, June.
    17. Yong, Shih Ween & Cheah, Jun-Hwa & Lim, Xin-Jean & Ng, Siew Imm & Leong, Yee Choy, 2023. "How to make you spend more in the airport? An investigation towards ECSI model on willingness to spend more in airport," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    18. José Fernandes & Pedro Chamusca & Jorge Pinto & José Tenreiro & Pedro Figueiredo, 2023. "Urban Rehabilitation and Tourism: Lessons from Porto (2010–2020)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-22, April.
    19. Alessandro Capocchi & Cinzia Vallone & Mariarita Pierotti & Andrea Amaduzzi, 2019. "Overtourism: A Literature Review to Assess Implications and Future Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, June.
    20. Agustín Álvarez-Herranz & Edith Macedo-Ruíz, 2021. "An Evaluation of the Three Pillars of Sustainability in Cities with High Airbnb Presence: A Case Study of the City of Madrid," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-35, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:23:p:8950-:d:454661. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.