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Characteristics of Exposure of Reproductive-Age Farmworkers in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, to Organophosphate and Neonicotinoid Insecticides: A Pilot Study

Author

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  • Neeranuch Suwannarin

    (Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)

  • Tippawan Prapamontol

    (Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Tomohiko Isobe

    (Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)

  • Yukiko Nishihama

    (Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)

  • Shoji F. Nakayama

    (Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)

Abstract

Exposure to insecticides containing organophosphate (OP) and neonicotinoid (NEO) compounds has been associated with adverse reproductive health outcomes. This study characterized and identified predictors of exposure to OP and NEO among 100 reproductive-age farmworkers from two intensive farming areas in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, including 50 each from the Fang (FA) and Chom Thong (CT) districts. OP exposure was determined by measuring the urinary concentrations of six dialkylphosphates (DAPs), whereas NEO exposure was determined by measuring the urinary concentrations of NEO compounds and their metabolites (NEO/m). The most frequently detected OPs were diethylphosphate (DEP) and diethylthiophosphate (DETP), with DETP having the highest geometric mean (GM) concentration, 8.9 μg/g-creatinine. The most frequently detected NEO/m were N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (N-dm-ACE), imidacloprid (IMI), and thiamethoxam (THX), with IMI having the highest GM concentration, 8.7 μg/g-creatinine. Consumption of well water was the predominant determinant of OP and NEO exposure in this population. In addition to encouraging workers to use personal protective equipment, exposure of farmworkers to these compounds may be reduced by nation-wide monitoring agricultural insecticides and other pesticides in community drinking water resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Neeranuch Suwannarin & Tippawan Prapamontol & Tomohiko Isobe & Yukiko Nishihama & Shoji F. Nakayama, 2020. "Characteristics of Exposure of Reproductive-Age Farmworkers in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, to Organophosphate and Neonicotinoid Insecticides: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:7871-:d:435491
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pornpimol Kongtip & Benyachalee Techasaensiri & Noppanun Nankongnab & Jane Adams & Akkarat Phamonphon & Anu Surach & Supha Sangprasert & Aree Thongsuksai & Prayoon Srikumpol & Susan Woskie, 2017. "The Impact of Prenatal Organophosphate Pesticide Exposures on Thai Infant Neurodevelopment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-12, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Neeranuch Suwannarin & Tippawan Prapamontol & Tomohiko Isobe & Yukiko Nishihama & Yuki Hashimoto & Ampica Mangklabruks & Tawiwan Pantasri & Somporn Chantara & Warangkana Naksen & Shoji F. Nakayama, 2021. "Exposure to Organophosphate and Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Its Association with Steroid Hormones among Male Reproductive-Age Farmworkers in Northern Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Yukiko Nishihama & Shoji F. Nakayama & Tomohiko Isobe & Chau-Ren Jung & Miyuki Iwai-Shimada & Yayoi Kobayashi & Takehiro Michikawa & Makiko Sekiyama & Yu Taniguchi & Shin Yamazaki & on behalf of the J, 2021. "Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Pesticides among Pregnant Women Participating in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Neeranuch Suwannarin & Tippawan Prapamontol & Tomohiko Isobe & Yukiko Nishihama & Ampica Mangklabruks & Tawiwan Pantasri & Somporn Chantara & Warangkana Naksen & Shoji F. Nakayama, 2021. "Association between Haematological Parameters and Exposure to a Mixture of Organophosphate and Neonicotinoid Insecticides among Male Farmworkers in Northern Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-14, October.

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