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Incarceration Exposure and Barriers to Prenatal Care in the United States: Findings from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System

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  • Alexander Testa

    (Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA)

  • Dylan B. Jackson

    (Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

Abstract

Previous research demonstrates that exposure to incarceration during pregnancy – either personally or vicariously through a partner – worsens parental care. However, little is known about the specific barriers to parental care that are associated with incarceration exposure. Using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (years 2009–2016), the current study examines the relationship between exposure to incarceration during pregnancy and barriers to prenatal care in the United States. Negative binomial and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the recent incarceration of a woman or her partner (i.e., incarceration that occurred in the 12 months prior to the focal birth) and several barriers to prenatal care. Findings indicate that exposure to incarceration, either personally or vicariously through a partner, increases the overall number of barriers to prenatal care and this association operates through several specific barriers including a lack of transportation to doctor’s appointments, having difficulty finding someone to take care of her children, being too busy, keeping pregnancy a secret, and a woman not knowing she was pregnant. Policies designed to help incarceration exposed women overcome these barriers can potentially yield benefits for enhancing access to parental care.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexander Testa & Dylan B. Jackson, 2020. "Incarceration Exposure and Barriers to Prenatal Care in the United States: Findings from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-14, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:19:p:7331-:d:424840
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Amanda Geller & Irwin Garfinkel & Carey E. Cooper & Ronald B. Mincy, 2009. "Parental Incarceration and Child Well‐Being: Implications for Urban Families," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 90(5), pages 1186-1202, December.
    2. Provencher, Ashley & Conway, James M., 2019. "Health effects of family member incarceration in the United States: A meta-analysis and cost study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 87-99.
    3. repec:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2017.303703_5 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Kristin Turney & Daniel Schneider, 2016. "Incarceration and Household Asset Ownership," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 53(6), pages 2075-2103, December.
    5. Winkelman, T.N.A. & Choi, H.J. & Davis, M.M., 2017. "The affordable care act, insurance coverage, and health care utilization of previously incarcerated young men: 2008-2015," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(5), pages 807-811.
    6. Suzanne D. Thomas & Sandra C. Mobley & Jodi L. Hudgins & Donald E. Sutherland & Sandra B. Inglett & Brittany L. Ange, 2018. "Conditions and Dynamics That Impact Maternal Health Literacy among High Risk Prenatal-Interconceptional Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-16, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Testa, Alexander & Lee, Jacqueline & Semenza, Daniel C. & Jackson, Dylan B. & Ganson, Kyle T. & Nagata, Jason M., 2023. "Intimate partner violence and barriers to prenatal care," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).

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