IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i18p6718-d413865.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Job Stress, Burnout and Coping in Police Officers: Relationships and Psychometric Properties of the Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire

Author

Listed:
  • Cristina Queirós

    (Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal)

  • Fernando Passos

    (Psychology Unit of the Portuguese National Police, 2605-000 Belas-Sintra, Portugal)

  • Ana Bártolo

    (Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Sara Faria

    (Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal)

  • Sílvia Monteiro Fonseca

    (Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal)

  • António José Marques

    (School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal)

  • Carlos F. Silva

    (Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

  • Anabela Pereira

    (Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal)

Abstract

Policing is a stressful occupation, which impairs police officers’ physical/mental health and elicits burnout, aggressive behaviors and suicide. Resilience and coping facilitate the management of job stress policing, which can be operational or organizational. All these constructs are associated, and they must be assessed by instruments sensitive to policing idiosyncrasies. This study aims to identify operational and organizational stress, burnout, resilient coping and coping strategies among police officers, as well to analyze the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of the Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire. A cross-sectional study, with online questionnaires, collected data of 1131 police officers. With principal components and confirmatory factor analysis, PSQ-org revealed adequate psychometric properties, despite the exclusion of four items, and revealed a structure with two factors (poor management and lack of resources, and responsibilities and burden). Considering cut-off points, 88.4% police officers presented high operational stress, 87.2% high organizational stress, 10.9% critical values for burnout and 53.8% low resilient coping, preferring task-orientated than emotion and avoidance coping. Some differences were found according to gender, age and job experience. Job stress and burnout correlated negatively with resilient coping, enthusiasm towards job and task-orientated coping. Results reinforce the importance to invest on police officers’ occupational health.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristina Queirós & Fernando Passos & Ana Bártolo & Sara Faria & Sílvia Monteiro Fonseca & António José Marques & Carlos F. Silva & Anabela Pereira, 2020. "Job Stress, Burnout and Coping in Police Officers: Relationships and Psychometric Properties of the Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-19, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6718-:d:413865
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/18/6718/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/18/6718/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sai-fu Fung, 2020. "Validity of the Brief Resilience Scale and Brief Resilient Coping Scale in a Chinese Sample," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-9, February.
    2. Patterson, George T., 2003. "Examining the effects of coping and social support on work and life stress among police officers," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 215-226.
    3. R. Nicholas Carleton & Tracie O. Afifi & Tamara Taillieu & Sarah Turner & Julia E. Mason & Rosemary Ricciardelli & Donald R. McCreary & Adam D. Vaughan & Gregory S. Anderson & Rachel L. Krakauer & Eli, 2020. "Assessing the Relative Impact of Diverse Stressors among Public Safety Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-25, February.
    4. Fatimah Zulkafaly & Kamaruzzaman Kamaruddin & Nurul Huda Md. Hassan, 2017. "Coping Strategies and Job Stress in Policing: A Literature Review," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 7(3), pages 458-467, March.
    5. Shane, Jon M., 2010. "Organizational stressors and police performance," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 807-818, July.
    6. Ruslan H. Valieiev & Vasyl Polyvaniuk & Tetyana Antonenko & Mykola Rebkalo & Andrii Sobakar & Vladyslav Oliinyk, 2019. "The Effects of Gender, Tenure and Primary Workplace on Burnout of Ukrainian Police Officers," Postmodern Openings, Editura Lumen, Department of Economics, vol. 10(4), pages 116-131, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Alexandra Marcos & Cristina García-Ael & Gabriela Topa, 2020. "The Influence of Work Resources, Demands, and Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Citizenship Behaviors of Spanish Police Officers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Viktor Soltes & Jozef Kubas & Andrej Velas & David Michalík, 2021. "Occupational Safety of Municipal Police Officers: Assessing the Vulnerability and Riskiness of Police Officers’ Work," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-19, May.
    3. Anabela Pereira & Elisabeth Brito & Isabel Souto & Bruno Alves, 2022. "Healthcare Services and Formal Caregiver’s Psychosocial Risk Factors: An Observational Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-10, April.
    4. Lauriane Willemin-Petignat & Royce Anders & Sabrina Ogi & Benjamin Putois, 2023. "Validation and Psychometric Properties of the German Operational and Organizational Police Stress Questionnaires," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(19), pages 1-12, September.
    5. Mary Rachelle R Wapaño, 2023. "Exploring the Determinants of Resilience and Hope in the Medical Field: The Role of Age, Gender, and Job Occupation," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(10), pages 1480-1491, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rosemary Ricciardelli & Stephen Czarnuch & R. Nicholas Carleton & James Gacek & James Shewmake, 2020. "Canadian Public Safety Personnel and Occupational Stressors: How PSP Interpret Stressors on Duty," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Katie L. Andrews & Laleh Jamshidi & Jolan Nisbet & Taylor A. Teckchandani & Jill A. B. Price & Rosemary Ricciardelli & Gregory S. Anderson & R. Nicholas Carleton, 2022. "Assessing the Relative Impact of Diverse Stressors among Canadian Coast Guard and Conservation and Protection Officers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Sai-fu Fung & Esther Oi-wah Chow & Chau-kiu Cheung, 2020. "Development and Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of a Brief Wisdom Development Scale," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-14, April.
    4. Rosemary Ricciardelli & R. Nicholas Carleton & Barbara Anschuetz & Sylvio Gravel & Brad McKay, 2022. "Testifying after an Investigation: Shaping the Mental Health of Public Safety Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-8, October.
    5. Fatimah Zulkafaly & Kamaruzzaman Kamaruddin & Nurul Huda Md. Hassan, 2017. "Coping Strategies and Job Stress in Policing: A Literature Review," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 7(3), pages 458-467, March.
    6. Cristina Civilotti & Daniela Acquadro Maran & Sergio Garbarino & Nicola Magnavita, 2022. "Hopelessness in Police Officers and Its Association with Depression and Burnout: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, April.
    7. Rebecca Loudoun & Keith Townsend & Adrian Wilkinson & Paula K. Mowbray, 2020. "The role of peer‐to‐peer voice in severe work environments: organisational facilitators and barriers," Industrial Relations Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(6), pages 556-571, November.
    8. Justin Mausz & Elizabeth Anne Donnelly & Sandra Moll & Sheila Harms & Meghan McConnell, 2022. "Mental Disorder Symptoms and the Relationship with Resilience among Paramedics in a Single Canadian Site," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-14, April.
    9. Poteyeva, Margarita & Sun, Ivan Y., 2009. "Gender differences in police officers' attitudes: Assessing current empirical evidence," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 512-522, September.
    10. Cristiane S. C. Araújo & Ruth Minamisava & Marcos A. Matos & Camila C. F. Vieira & Priscila V. O. Vitorino & Dolors Rodríguez-Martín & Neuma Chaveiro & Lizete M. A. C. Oliveira & Virginia V. Brasil & , 2020. "Associated Factors of Quality of Life in Prison Officers, Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-12, May.
    11. R. Nicholas Carleton & Tracie O. Afifi & Tamara Taillieu & Sarah Turner & Julia E. Mason & Rosemary Ricciardelli & Donald R. McCreary & Adam D. Vaughan & Gregory S. Anderson & Rachel L. Krakauer & Eli, 2020. "Assessing the Relative Impact of Diverse Stressors among Public Safety Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-25, February.
    12. Vadym Barko & Ivan Okhrimenko & Volodymyr Medvediev & Olena Vagina & Svitlana Okhrimenko, 2020. "Professional Psychological Profile of a Modern Patrol Officer as the Basis of Efficient Official Activities," Postmodern Openings, Editura Lumen, Department of Economics, vol. 11(3), pages 01-19, October.
    13. Filip Kukić & Dane Subošić & Katie M. Heinrich & Gianpiero Greco & Nenad Koropanovski, 2021. "Psychometric Properties of the Serbian Version of the Operational and Organizational Police Stress Questionnaires," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-11, December.
    14. Robyn E. Shields & Stephanie Korol & R. Nicholas Carleton & Megan McElheran & Andrea M. Stelnicki & Dianne Groll & Gregory S. Anderson, 2021. "Brief Mental Health Disorder Screening Questionnaires and Use with Public Safety Personnel: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-30, April.
    15. Heidi Cramm & Rachel Richmond & Laleh Jamshidi & Megan Edgelow & Dianne Groll & Rose Ricciardelli & Joy Christine MacDermid & Michael Keiley & R. Nicholas Carleton, 2021. "Mental Health of Canadian Firefighters: The Impact of Sleep," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-14, December.
    16. Gregory S. Anderson & Rosemary Ricciardelli & Linna Tam-Seto & Sulaimon Giwa & R. Nicholas Carleton, 2022. "Self-Reported Coping Strategies for Managing Work-Related Stress among Public Safety Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-14, February.
    17. Phoenix K. H. Mo & Yanqiu Yu & Mason M. C. Lau & Rachel H. Y. Ling & Joseph T. F. Lau, 2023. "Time to Lift up COVID-19 Restrictions? Public Support towards Living with the Virus Policy and Associated Factors among Hong Kong General Public," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-13, February.
    18. Gerber, Markus & Hartmann, Tim & Brand, Serge & Holsboer-Trachsler, Edith & Pühse, Uwe, 2010. "The relationship between shift work, perceived stress, sleep and health in Swiss police officers," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 38(6), pages 1167-1175, November.
    19. Megan Edgelow & Emma Scholefield & Matthew McPherson & Kathleen Legassick & Jessica Novecosky, 2022. "Organizational Factors and Their Impact on Mental Health in Public Safety Organizations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-34, October.
    20. Xiaoxue Kuang & John Chi-Kin Lee & Junjun Chen, 2023. "Chinese Virtues and Resilience among Students in Hong Kong," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-14, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6718-:d:413865. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.