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Digital Surveillance for Monitoring Environmental Health Threats: A Case Study Capturing Public Opinion from Twitter about the 2019 Chennai Water Crisis

Author

Listed:
  • Jiangmei Xiong

    (Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA)

  • Yulin Hswen

    (Computational Epidemiology Lab, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
    Innovation Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
    Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA)

  • John A. Naslund

    (Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA)

Abstract

Globally, water scarcity has become a common challenge across many regions. Digital surveillance holds promise for monitoring environmental threats to population health due to severe drought. The 2019 Chennai water crisis in India resulted in severe disruptions to social order and daily life, with local residents suffering due to water shortages. This case study explored public opinion captured through the Twitter social media platform, and whether this information could help local governments with emergency response. Sentiment analysis and topic modeling were used to explore public opinion through Twitter during the 2019 Chennai water crisis. The latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) method identified topics that were most frequently discussed. A naïve Tweet classification method was built, and Twitter posts (called tweets) were allocated to identified topics. Topics were ranked, and corresponding emotions were calculated. A cross-correlation was performed to examine the relationship between online posts about the water crisis and actual rainfall, determined by precipitation levels. During the Chennai water crisis, Twitter users posted content that appeared to show anxiety about the impact of the drought, and also expressed concerns about the government response. Twitter users also mentioned causes for the drought and potential sustainable solutions, which appeared to be mainly positive in tone. Discussion on Twitter can reflect popular public opinion related to emerging environmental health threats. Twitter posts appear viable for informing crisis management as real-time data can be collected and analyzed. Governments and public health officials should adjust their policies and public communication by leveraging online data sources, which could inform disaster prevention measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiangmei Xiong & Yulin Hswen & John A. Naslund, 2020. "Digital Surveillance for Monitoring Environmental Health Threats: A Case Study Capturing Public Opinion from Twitter about the 2019 Chennai Water Crisis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:14:p:5077-:d:384396
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    3. Gwanggil Jeon & Abdellah Chehri, 2021. "Computing Techniques for Environmental Research and Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-4, September.
    4. Turgut Acikara & Bo Xia & Tan Yigitcanlar & Carol Hon, 2023. "Contribution of Social Media Analytics to Disaster Response Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of the Literature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-50, May.

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