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Self-Perception of Dependence as an Indicator of Smartphone Addiction—Establishment of a Cutoff Point in the SPAI–Spain Inventory

Author

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  • María Luisa Ballestar-Tarín

    (Nursing Department, Facultat d’Infermeria I Podologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Conchín Simó-Sanz

    (Nursing Department, Facultat d’Infermeria I Podologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Hospital General, Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain)

  • Elena Chover-Sierra

    (Nursing Department, Facultat d’Infermeria I Podologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Hospital General, Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain)

  • Carlos Saus-Ortega

    (Nursing Department, Facultat d’Infermeria I Podologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Nursing School La Fe, Universitario de Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain)

  • Carmen Casal-Angulo

    (Nursing Department, Facultat d’Infermeria I Podologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Emergencies Service, Extra-hospital, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Antonio Martínez-Sabater

    (Nursing Department, Facultat d’Infermeria I Podologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Hospital Clínico, Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

Abstract

Background: In recent years, the abusive use of the smartphone has reached a situation that could be considered pathological. In this sense, different instruments to assess this problematic use or addiction to the smartphone are used. One of these instruments is the Smartphone Addition Inventory (SPAI), which has been validated in the Spanish language (SPAI-Spain). The main difficulty of these scales is to establish a cut-off point that determines such mobile addiction. On the other hand, self-perception was used in different addictions as a predictor of the problem. Aim: The objective of this study was to establish the cut-off point in the scores of the SPAI-Spain, using as a reference the self-perception of addiction values. Methods: A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was carried out, establishing as the cut-off point the one that presented a higher value of Youden J, indicative of its sensitivity and specificity. Results: 2958 participants from the university community completed the SPAI–Spain questionnaire. Differences in SPAI–Spain scores were found among age groups and gender, even though not all of them were statistically significant. When using the self-perception of smartphone addiction as the benchmark value, a score of 44 was established as the cutting point of the SPAI-Spain questionnaire, with a Youden J corresponding to 0.416. Conclusions: The implementation of a cut-off point of the SPAI-Spain questionnaire makes it an instrument that allows early identification of those individuals at risk of addiction, as well as the establishment of preventive and/or intervention measures.

Suggested Citation

  • María Luisa Ballestar-Tarín & Conchín Simó-Sanz & Elena Chover-Sierra & Carlos Saus-Ortega & Carmen Casal-Angulo & Antonio Martínez-Sabater, 2020. "Self-Perception of Dependence as an Indicator of Smartphone Addiction—Establishment of a Cutoff Point in the SPAI–Spain Inventory," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:11:p:3838-:d:364184
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Olatz Lopez-Fernandez, 2021. "Emerging Health and Education Issues Related to Internet Technologies and Addictive Problems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-19, January.

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