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Comparison of Depressive Symptoms and Its Influencing Factors among the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)

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  • Haixia Liu

    (School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
    School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76, Yantai West Road, Xi’an 710061, China)

  • Xiaojing Fan

    (School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Huanyuan Luo

    (Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK)

  • Zhongliang Zhou

    (School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Chi Shen

    (School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Naibao Hu

    (School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China)

  • Xiangming Zhai

    (School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, China)

Abstract

Depression amongst the elderly population is a worldwide public health problem, especially in China. Affected by the urban–rural dual structure, depressive symptoms of the elderly in urban and rural areas are significantly different. In order to compare depressive symptoms and its influencing factors among the elderly in urban and rural areas, we used the data from the fourth wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 7690 participants at age 60 or older were included in this study. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence estimate of depression between urban and rural elderly (χ 2 = 10.9.76, p < 0.001). The prevalence of depression among rural elderly was significantly higher than that of urban elderly (OR -unadjusted = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.67 to 2.12). After adjusting for gender, age, marital status, education level, minorities, religious belief, self-reported health, duration of sleep, life satisfaction, chronic disease, social activities and having income or not, the prevalence of depression in rural elderly is 1.52 times (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.76) than that of urban elderly. Gender, education level, self-reported health, duration of sleep, chronic diseases were associated with depression in both urban and rural areas. In addition, social activities were connected with depression in urban areas, while minorities, marital status and having income or not were influencing factors of depression among the rural elderly. The interaction analysis showed that the interaction between marital status, social activities and urban and rural sources was statistically significant (divorced: coefficient was 1.567, p < 0.05; social activities: coefficient was 0.340, p < 0.05), while gender, education level, minorities, self-reported health, duration of sleep, life satisfaction, chronic disease, social activities having income or not and urban and rural sources have no interaction ( p > 0.05). Thus, it is necessary to propose targeted and precise intervention strategies to prevent depression after accurately identifying the factors’ effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Haixia Liu & Xiaojing Fan & Huanyuan Luo & Zhongliang Zhou & Chi Shen & Naibao Hu & Xiangming Zhai, 2021. "Comparison of Depressive Symptoms and Its Influencing Factors among the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:3886-:d:531817
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    1. Sihui Jin & Yun Wu & Shengliang Chen & Dongbao Zhao & Jianwei Guo & Lijin Chen & Yixiang Huang, 2022. "The Additional Medical Expenditure Caused by Depressive Symptoms among Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Chronic Lung Diseases in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-11, June.
    2. Huagui Guo & Jiemin Liu & Jing Wei, 2021. "Ambient Ozone, PM 1 and Female Lung Cancer Incidence in 436 Chinese Counties," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-14, October.
    3. Lanlan Zhao & Xin Zheng & Kai Ji & Zhengsheng Wang & Lingzhi Sang & Xuefei Chen & Ling Tang & Ying Zhu & Zhongliang Bai & Ren Chen, 2022. "The Relationship between Social Support and Anxiety among Rural Older People in Elderly Caring Social Organizations: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-12, September.
    4. Qinqin Jiang & Zhe Zhao & Yijun Liu & Zhenbang Wei & Yan Bing & Feng Zhang & Jiahao Liu & Lei Gao & Jinhai Sun & Lei Yuan, 2024. "Decomposition analysis of the difference in depressive symptoms between urban and rural employed people in China: Unpaid work plays an important role," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 70(2), pages 340-354, March.
    5. Chin-Chen Liu & Yi-Tung Lin & Kung-Chuan Cheng & Hsueh-Hsing Pan & Chou-Ping Chiou, 2022. "Predictors of Depression Level among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-9, August.

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