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Perspective of Pakistani Physicians towards Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: A Multisite Exploratory Qualitative Study

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  • Khezar Hayat

    (Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China
    Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Meagen Rosenthal

    (Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA)

  • Ali Hassan Gillani

    (Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China)

  • Panpan Zhai

    (Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China)

  • Muhammad Majid Aziz

    (Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China)

  • Wenjing Ji

    (Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China)

  • Jie Chang

    (Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China)

  • Hao Hu

    (State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China)

  • Yu Fang

    (Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
    Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an 710061, China)

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat and the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) is a globally used tool to combat AMR. There is little information on the views among Pakistani physicians regarding AMR and the benefits of hospital antimicrobial stewardship implementation. This study was designed to explore the physicians’ views about ASP. Methods: Qualitative face-to-face and telephonic interviews were conducted by using purposive sampling method with 22 physicians working in seven tertiary care public hospitals of Punjab, Pakistan. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative software was used, and a thematic analysis was conducted. Results: Three broad themes were identified: (1) the growing concern of antimicrobial resistance in Pakistan, (2) the role(s) of healthcare professionals in antibiotic prescribing, and (3) managing antibiotic resistance in hospitals. Inadequate resources, poor healthcare facilities, and insufficiently trained medical staff were the major hurdles in ASP implementation in Pakistan. Conclusions: Our study found a poor familiarity of hospital ASP among physicians working in public sector tertiary care teaching hospitals, and a number of distinct themes emerged during this study that could be helpful in establishing the concept of hospital ASP in Pakistan. Overall, physicians showed a positive attitude towards the enforcement of ASP in all healthcare settings, including teaching hospitals.

Suggested Citation

  • Khezar Hayat & Meagen Rosenthal & Ali Hassan Gillani & Panpan Zhai & Muhammad Majid Aziz & Wenjing Ji & Jie Chang & Hao Hu & Yu Fang, 2019. "Perspective of Pakistani Physicians towards Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: A Multisite Exploratory Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-15, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:9:p:1565-:d:228273
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Benjamin Saunders & Julius Sim & Tom Kingstone & Shula Baker & Jackie Waterfield & Bernadette Bartlam & Heather Burroughs & Clare Jinks, 2018. "Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 52(4), pages 1893-1907, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Faiz Ullah Khan & Farman Ullah Khan & Khezar Hayat & Tawseef Ahmad & Amjad Khan & Jie Chang & Usman Rashid Malik & Zakir Khan & Krizzia Lambojon & Yu Fang, 2021. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Antibiotics and Its Resistance: A Two-Phase Mixed-Methods Online Study among Pakistani Community Pharmacists to Promote Rational Antibiotic Use," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Obed Tiwah JOHN & Obed Tiwah JOHN & Prof. Elkanah O. SAMBO & Prof. Barnabas Toge & Dr. Abiodun EGWUENU & Dr. Ridwan YAHAYA & Dr. Tochi OKWOR & Mohammed UMARU & Oscar Facknwie KAHWIR & Oscar Facknwie K, 2024. "Assessment of Adherence to the Core Elements of Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: A Survey of Fourteen Hospitals in Nigeria," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 10(12), pages 816-824, January.

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