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Longitudinal Change of PTSD Symptoms in Community Members after the World Trade Center Destruction

Author

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  • Rebecca Rosen

    (Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Health and Hospitals World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, Bellevue Hospital Center, H7E, 462 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Zhaoyin Zhu

    (Health and Hospitals World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, Bellevue Hospital Center, H7E, 462 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 180 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Yongzhao Shao

    (Health and Hospitals World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, Bellevue Hospital Center, H7E, 462 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Mengling Liu

    (Health and Hospitals World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, Bellevue Hospital Center, H7E, 462 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 180 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
    Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Jia Bao

    (Health and Hospitals World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, Bellevue Hospital Center, H7E, 462 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 180 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Nomi Levy-Carrick

    (Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Health and Hospitals World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, Bellevue Hospital Center, H7E, 462 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Joan Reibman

    (Health and Hospitals World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, Bellevue Hospital Center, H7E, 462 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
    Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA)

Abstract

The World Trade Center (WTC) Environmental Health Center (EHC) is a treatment program for community members with exposure to the 9/11 terrorist attack and its physical and emotional aftermath. Compared to the general responders program, the WTC EHC is diverse with equal gender distribution, representation of many races and ethnicities, and a wide range of social economic status. Patients in the WTC EHC were initially enrolled for physical symptoms, most of which were respiratory, however a large portion of the enrollees scored positive for probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this paper we identify patient characteristics associated with probable PTSD. We also determine the characteristics associated with the longitudinal change of PTSD symptoms, including persistence and remittance, using the widely used Posttraumatic Check List-17 (PCL) cut-off value of 44, as well as changes in PCL total score and symptom cluster scores in patients of Low and High PTSD symptom severity. Few patients with elevated scores achieved a score below 44. However, longitudinal improvement in PCL score at follow-up was identified for patients with High PTSD scores (PCL > 57.5). Changes in PCL symptom clusters differed between those with High and Low PCL scores. These data suggest improvement over time in PCL score that differs depending on the severity of the score and variable responses in the PCL symptom clusters.

Suggested Citation

  • Rebecca Rosen & Zhaoyin Zhu & Yongzhao Shao & Mengling Liu & Jia Bao & Nomi Levy-Carrick & Joan Reibman, 2019. "Longitudinal Change of PTSD Symptoms in Community Members after the World Trade Center Destruction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:7:p:1215-:d:220104
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maslow, C.B. & Friedman, S.M. & Pillai, P.S. & Reibman, J. & Berger, K.I. & Goldring, R. & Stellman, S.D. & Farfel, M., 2012. "Chronic and acute exposures to the world trade center disaster and lower respiratory symptoms: Area residents and workers," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(6), pages 1186-1194.
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    Cited by:

    1. Robert M. Brackbill & Judith M. Graber & William A. (Allen) Robison, 2019. "Editorial for “Long-Term Health Effects of the 9/11 Disaster” in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-6, September.
    2. Yian Zhang & Rebecca Rosen & Joan Reibman & Yongzhao Shao, 2022. "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Mediates the Association between Traumatic World Trade Center Dust Cloud Exposure and Ongoing Systemic Inflammation in Community Members," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-16, July.
    3. Yongzhao Shao & Nedim Durmus & Yian Zhang & Sultan Pehlivan & Maria-Elena Fernandez-Beros & Lisette Umana & Rachel Corona & Adrienne Addessi & Sharon A. Abbott & Sheila Smyth-Giambanco & Alan A. Arsla, 2021. "The Development of a WTC Environmental Health Center Pan-Cancer Database," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-18, February.
    4. Ridhwan Y. Baba & Yian Zhang & Yongzhao Shao & Kenneth I. Berger & Roberta M. Goldring & Mengling Liu & Angeliki Kazeros & Rebecca Rosen & Joan Reibman, 2022. "COPD in Smoking and Non-Smoking Community Members Exposed to the World Trade Center Dust and Fumes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-12, April.
    5. Nedim Durmus & Sultan Pehlivan & Yian Zhang & Yongzhao Shao & Alan A. Arslan & Rachel Corona & Ian Henderson & Daniel H. Sterman & Joan Reibman, 2021. "Lung Cancer Characteristics in the World Trade Center Environmental Health Center," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-14, March.
    6. Rebecca Rosen & Yongzhao Shao & Qiao Zhang & Jia Bao & Yian Zhang & Arjun Masurkar & Thomas Wisniewski & Nina Urban & Joan Reibman, 2022. "Cognitive Function among World Trade Center-Exposed Community Members with Mental Health Symptoms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, March.
    7. Meghan K. Hamwey & Lisa M. Gargano & Liza G. Friedman & Lydia F. Leon & Lysa J. Petrsoric & Robert M. Brackbill, 2020. "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Survivors of the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center Attacks: A Review of the Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-22, June.
    8. Gabriele Grunig & Nedim Durmus & Yian Zhang & Yuting Lu & Sultan Pehlivan & Yuyan Wang & Kathleen Doo & Maria L. Cotrina-Vidal & Roberta Goldring & Kenneth I. Berger & Mengling Liu & Yongzhao Shao & J, 2022. "Molecular Clustering Analysis of Blood Biomarkers in World Trade Center Exposed Community Members with Persistent Lower Respiratory Symptoms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-18, July.

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